Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel is effective in a murine model of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum ultrastructural studies of the ileum

Al-Mathal, Ebtisam M.; Al-Salem, Afaf Abdullah Mubark

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2013.05.004

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Our findings on the endogenous developmental stages of C. parvum on day 10 PI indicate that the ileum was more parasitized than the liver and correlate with Perrucci et al [60], Al-Mathal and Alsalem [85], and Asadpour et al [62]. Our results also showed that vaccination of mice resulted in a lower number of oocysts in ileal and hepatic tissues (p < 0.05), suggesting that our prepared vaccine candidate reduced the C. parvum load in tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and is an animal and public health burden. This study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of affinity-purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst antigen as a vaccine candidate according to fecal oocyst shedding, humoral and cellular immune responses, histopathological changes, and the number of parasite developmental stages in ileal and hepatic tissues. Materials and Methods: We isolated oocysts from naturally infected buffalo calves and identified them molecularly as C. parvum isolates (GenBank: ON730707 and ON730708) by targeting the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene. We propagated the C. parvum oocysts in mice. In addition, we prepared crude antigen from the isolated oocysts by purification using cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography coupled with rabbit hyperimmune serum. Then, we divided 81 parasite-free mice into three groups: (1) non-vaccinated non-infected mice, (2) mice orally infected with 1 × 105 C. parvum oocysts on week 4 of the experiment, and (3) mice immunized twice with 40 μg/kg of the purified fraction at 2-week intervals. Then, we challenged the vaccinated group with C. parvum oocysts after 2 weeks, and the positive control group was infected at the same time. Results: We observed a prolonged prepatent period and decreased oocyst shedding in the vaccinated infected mice compared with the non-vaccinated infected mice (t < 0.001). The vaccinated mice had significantly higher immunoglobulin G levels than those in the other two groups at all examined weeks. In addition, the production of cytokines interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and IL-15 was activated post-vaccination. After the challenge, all tested cytokines were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the two infected groups compared with the non-vaccinated non-infected group, with the highest levels in the vaccinated infected group. Vaccinated infected mice exhibited significantly fewer pathological lesions in the ileum and liver than non-vaccinated infected mice, which showed prominent histopathological lesions. Endogenous developmental stages of C. parvum indicated that the ileum was more parasitized than the liver and that vaccination resulted in a lower number of oocysts in ileal and hepatic tissues (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our prepared affinity-purified vaccine candidate could be promising in protecting against cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Our findings on the endogenous developmental stages of C. parvum on day 10 PI indicate that the ileum was more parasitized than the liver and correlate with Perrucci et al . [ 60 ], Al-Mathal and Alsalem [ 85 ], and Asadpour et al . [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

et al. 2022

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“…Previous studies have shown that pomegranate peel has anti‐parasitic properties and can affect different stages of growth and development in different parasites. Previous studies have shown the effect of pomegranate peel on the adult parasites of Schistosoma mansoni (Fahmy et al., 2009 ), Trichomonas tenax (El‐Sherbini & Shoukry, 2012 ), Cryptosporidium parvum (Al‐Mathal & Alsalem, 2013 ), Giardia (Al‐Megrin, 2017 ) and some nematodes as well as strongulos (Boonmasawai et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The efficacy of pomegranate peel extract on Eimeria shedding and growth indices in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens

Khorrami

Gholami‐Ahangaran

Moghtadaei-Khorasgani

2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Coccidiosis is the most common enteric parasitic disease in poultry that is caused by different species of Eimeria. Some chemical drugs were utilized for the control of this infection but drug residue and resistance-induced concerns in chicken consumers.Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPEx) on the control of coccidiosis in chickens.Methods: Totally, 300 broiler chicks were divided into 10 groups and 5 groups challenged with a mixture of common Eimeria of 21 days old in Iran. Five days after the challenge, as soon as clinical signs appeared, the oocyte per gram (OPG) of faeces was measured, and chickens were treated with 100, 200 and 400 ppm PPEx (for 7 days) and toltrazuril (for 2 days) in separate groups. Another five groups were only treated with these compounds without challenge. All challenged and non-challenged have a control group. The OPG was measured in the final treatment in chickens. At 35 days of age, all chickens were euthanized and the intestinal and liver samples were collected in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. The growth indices were recorded and analysed all over the growing period, weekly. Results:The results revealed that the addition of PPEx especially in 400 ppm can reduce the intestinal lesions and OPG but in this dose, the growth indices can influence negatively, while the administration of toltrazuril with the best effect on OPG and intestinal lesions, no effect on growth indices in challenged chickens. Also, supplementation of 400 ppm PPEx can induce injuries in the liver while the lower dose has no effect on liver tissue. Conclusion:It is necessary for finding effective ingredients in PPEx and preparation of serial dilution for access to optimal dose with best anti-coccidial effect and lowest negative effect on growth indices in chickens.

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“…One study reported that the Halogeno-Thiazolides were more effective in inhibiting Cryptosporidium growth and oocyst shedding (95%) in immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbils compared with NTZ (47%) (Gargala et al 2013 ). Other studies have also indicated the effectiveness of natural product extracts such as Citrus maxima and pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) peel against C. parvum in murine models of infection (Al-Mathal and Alsalem 2013 ; Hafez and Hamed 2021 ). However, extended in vivo research is necessary to establish the proper therapeutic effect of such treatments.…”

Section: Anti-parasitic Drugs Repurposingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on Cryptosporidium biology and therapeutic avenues

et al. 2022

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Cryptosporidium species has been identified as an important pediatric diarrheal pathogen in resource-limited countries, particularly in very young children (0–24 months). However, the only available drug (nitazoxanide) has limited efficacy and can only be prescribed in a medical setting to children older than one year. Many drug development projects have started to investigate new therapeutic avenues. Cryptosporidium ’s unique biology is challenging for the traditional drug discovery pipeline and requires novel drug screening approaches. Notably, in recent years, new methods of oocyst generation, in vitro processing, and continuous three-dimensional cultivation capacities have been developed. This has enabled more physiologically pertinent research assays for inhibitor discovery. In a short time, many great strides have been made in the development of anti- Cryptosporidium drugs. These are expected to eventually turn into clinical candidates for cryptosporidiosis treatment in the future. This review describes the latest development in Cryptosporidium biology, genomics, transcriptomics of the parasite, assay development, and new drug discovery.

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Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel is effective in a murine model of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum ultrastructural studies of the ileum

Cited by 19 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice

The efficacy of pomegranate peel extract on Eimeria shedding and growth indices in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens

An update on Cryptosporidium biology and therapeutic avenues

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