Population and Diversity of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Shallots Rhizosphere in Different Altitudes in West Sumatra

Abstract

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of indigenous believed to be more efficient and effective in helping the growth of plants. Observations diversity of indigenous AMF conducted at several locations of centers of shallot cultivation in West Sumatra. AMF existence is closely related to environmental factors (abiotic and biotic). Sampling was based on the different in altitude : highland (Alahan Panjang), middle land (Saniang Baka) and lowland (Kambang). Indigenous AMF identification using morphological approach. The present study was undertaken to 1) look at the population and species diversity of AMF indigenous derived from shallots rhizosphere in different altitudes in West Sumatra and determine whether there are differences on the number and type of AMF at any location, 2) identified morphological characters of AMF spores. 19 types of indigenous AMF derived from shallots cropland in West Sumatra that Scutelospora (4 types), Glomus (10 types), Gigaspora (2 types), Acaulospora (3 types). We found the genus Glomus dominant in this study. Of the three locations, the greatest of AMF types was found in the area Saniang Baka (13 species), followed by Alahan Panjang (12 types) and Kambang (10 types). The number of species did not always a correlate with the number of spores. AMF spore count decreased with increasing height above sea level. Differences in altitude correlated negatively with the number of spores produced. The lowland, Kambang having a higher spore count (817 spores) than Saniang Baka in the middle land (798 spores) and Alahan Panjang in the highland (687 spores). It appears that differences in altitude affect the production of spores.

The Effect of Indigenous AMF Applications on The Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Two Varieties of Shallots on Drought Stress Conditions

“…Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, a mixed those three isolates and control treatment (without applications of AMF). Source of isolates from the results of research by Susila et al (2017). Data analyzed used the Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) program.…”

Selection of Six Types of Isolates of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Growth, Yield and Essential Oil Content of Shallots(allium Ascalonicum L).

“…Sample had previously been collected from 3(three) locations of centers of shallot cultivation in West Sumatra : AlahanPanjang [4], in the district of Solok (100 0 46'58.7" E-1 0 04'23.5" S), SaniangBaka [4] in the district of Solok (100 0 31'32.2" E-0 0 42'55.7"S) and Kambang [4], in the district of Pesisir Selatan (100 0 42'00.0"-1 0 42'00.0"S). See Figure 2.…”

“…Inoculation of AMF originating from the plant itself (indigenous) is believed to be more able to adapt to the plant. Susilaet al [4], reported 6 isolates of AMF derived from the shallots rhizosphere abundant presence (Isolation Frequncy>40% and Relative Abundant > 3% [5]) See Figure 1. The compatibility between AMF and host plant is one of the factors in getting maximum benefit from AMF activity [6].…”

Characterization and identification of Trichoderma on shallots isolated from three elevation regions in West Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Various microorganisms are found in the rhizosphere of plants. Besides Myccorhizal Arbuscular fungi (Susila et al 2017), one of beneficial soil microorganisms for plants is Trichoderma sp. which naturally attacks pathogenic fungi.…”