Populations potentially exposed to traffic-related air pollution in seven world cities

Su, Jason; Apte, Joshua S.; Lipsitt, Jonah; Garcia-Gonzales, Diane A.; Beckerman, Bernardo; Nazelle, Audrey de; Texcalac-Sangrador, José Luis; Jerrett, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.007

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Traffic-derived PM is currently known to make a large contribution to ambient PM, especially in urban areas, and globally it exerts an increasing burden via human disease (Lelieveld et al, 2015; Su et al, 2015). Cohort studies in the United States and Europe have shown associations between exposure to traffic-derived PM and both cardiopulmonary-related diseases and cancer (Kunzli et al, 2000; Raaschou-Nielsen et al, 2011; Tonne et al, 2007; Weuve et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beijing, China is one of the most air-polluted megacities, with 66% of its population potentially exposed to high levels of traffic-derived air pollutants (Su et al, 2015). Traffic emissions and combustion sources are major contributors to PM 10 (PM less than 10 μm in diameter) and PM 2.5 (PM less than 2.5 μm in diameter) in Beijing (Liu et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traffic-derived particulate matter exposure and histone H3 modification: A repeated measures study

Zheng

Sanchez-Guerra

Zhang

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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Background Airborne particulate matter (PM) may induce epigenetic changes that potentially lead to chronic diseases. Histone modifications regulate gene expression by influencing chromatin structure that can change gene expression status. We evaluated whether traffic-derived PM exposure is associated with four types of environmentally inducible global histone H3 modifications. Methods The Beijing Truck Driver Air Pollution Study included 60 truck drivers and 60 office workers examined twice, 1–2 weeks apart, for ambient PM10 (both day-of and 14-day average exposures), personal PM2.5, black carbon (BC), and elemental components (potassium, sulfur, iron, silicon, aluminum, zinc, calcium, and titanium). For both PM10 measures, we obtained hourly ambient PM10 data for the study period from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau’s 27 representatively distributed monitoring stations. We then calculated a 24 h average for each examination day and a moving average of ambient PM10 measured in the 14 days prior to each examination. Examinations measured global levels of H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3), H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3), and H3 lysine 36 tri-methylation (H3K36me3) in blood leukocytes collected after work. We used adjusted linear mixed-effect models to examine percent changes in histone modifications per each μg/m3 increase in PM exposure. Results In all participants each μg/m3 increase in 14-day average ambient PM10 exposure was associated with lower H3K27me3 (β=−1.1%, 95% CI: −1.6, −0.6) and H3K36me3 levels (β=−0.8%, 95% CI: −1.4, −0.1). Occupation-stratified analyses showed associations between BC and both H3K9ac and H3K36me3 that were stronger in office workers (β=4.6%, 95% CI: 0.9, 8.4; and β=4.1%, 95% CI: 1.3; 7.0 respectively) than in truck drivers (β=0.1%, 95% CI: −1.3, 1.5; and β=0.9%, 95% CI: −0.9, 2.7, respectively; both pinteraction < 0.05). Sex-stratified analyses showed associations between examination-day PM10 and H3K9ac, and between BC and H3K9me3, were stronger in women (β=10.7%, 95% CI: 5.4, 16.2; and β=7.5%, 95% CI: 1.2, 14.2, respectively) than in men (β=1.4%, 95% CI: −0.9, 3.7; and β=0.9%, 95% CI: −0.9, 2.7, respectively; both pinteraction < 0.05). We observed no associations between personal PM2.5 or elemental components and histone modifications. Conclusions Our results suggest a possible role of global histone H3 modifications in effects of traffic-derived PM exposures, particularly BC exposure. Future studies should assess the roles of these modifications in human diseases and as potential mediators of air pollution-induced disease, in particular BC exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic-derived particulate matter exposure and histone H3 modification: A repeated measures study

Zheng

Sanchez-Guerra

Zhang

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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“…Here, we summarize the research to date related to potential nutritional modification of air pollution health effects, towards better understanding the potential role for nutrition in modifying population susceptibility to pollution. We aim to provide a framework for future research towards reducing health impacts of air pollution worldwide, particularly for those populations that are most susceptible and/or most highly exposed [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Solutions to Reduce Risks of Negative Health Impacts of Air Pollution

Péter¹,

et al. 2015

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Air pollution worldwide has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, particularly in urban settings with elevated concentrations of primary pollutants. Air pollution is a very complex mixture of primary and secondary gases and particles, and its potential to cause harm can depend on multiple factors—including physical and chemical characteristics of pollutants, which varies with fine-scale location (e.g., by proximity to local emission sources)—as well as local meteorology, topography, and population susceptibility. It has been hypothesized that the intake of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients may ameliorate various respiratory and cardiovascular effects of air pollution through reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. To date, several studies have suggested that some harmful effects of air pollution may be modified by intake of essential micronutrients (such as B vitamins, and vitamins C, D, and E) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, we review the existing literature related to the potential for nutrition to modify the health impacts of air pollution, and offer a framework for examining these interactions.

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“…z/L (where z is the height above the surface) is a surfacelayer scaling parameter describing the dynamic stability of the surface layer (Stull, 2003). Negative z/L values indicate an unstable surface layer, while positive z/L values indicate a stable surface layer.…”

Section: Scintillometer Theory and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Traffic emissions contribute significantly to urban air pollution. Measurements were conducted over Highway 401 in Toronto, Canada, with a long-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer combined with a suite of micrometeorological instruments to identify and quantify a range of air pollutants. Results were compared with simultaneous in situ observations at a roadside monitoring station, and with output from a special version of the operational Canadian air quality forecast model (GEM-MACH). Elevated mixing ratios of ammonia (0-23 ppb) were observed, of which 76 % were associated with traffic emissions. Hydrogen cyanide was identified at mixing ratios between 0 and 4 ppb. Using a simple dispersion model, an integrated emission factor of on average 2.6 g km −1 carbon monoxide was calculated for this defined section of Highway 401, which agreed well with estimates based on vehicular emission factors and observed traffic volumes. Based on the same dispersion calculations, vehicular average emission factors of 0.04, 0.36, and 0.15 g km −1 were calculated for ammonia, nitrogen oxide, and methanol, respectively.

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Populations potentially exposed to traffic-related air pollution in seven world cities

Cited by 57 publications

References 39 publications

Traffic-derived particulate matter exposure and histone H3 modification: A repeated measures study

Traffic-derived particulate matter exposure and histone H3 modification: A repeated measures study

Nutritional Solutions to Reduce Risks of Negative Health Impacts of Air Pollution

Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

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