Porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics coated with nano-hydroxyapatite and seeded with mesenchymal stem cells for reconstruction of radius segmental defects in rabbits

Abstract

The osteoconduction of porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics has been widely reported. In a previous study, we demonstrated that applying a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) coating enhances the osteoinductive potential of BCP ceramics, making these scaffolds more suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of reconstructing radius defects in rabbits using nHA-coated BCP ceramics seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to compare the bone regeneration induced by different scaffolds. Radius defects were created in 20 New Zealand rabbits, which were divided into four groups by treatment: porous BCP ceramics (Group A), nHA-coated porous BCP ceramics (Group B), porous BCP ceramics seeded with rabbit MSCs (Group C), and nHA-coated porous BCP ceramics seeded with rabbit MSCs (Group D). After in vitro incubation, the cell/scaffold complexes were implanted into the defects. Twelve weeks after implantation, the specimens were examined macroscopically and histologically. Both the nHA coating and seeding with MSCs enhanced the formation of new bone tissue in the BCP ceramics, though the osteoinductive potential of the scaffolds with MSCs was greater than that of the nHA-coated scaffolds. Notably, the combination of nHA coating and MSCs significantly improved the bone regeneration capability of the BCP ceramics. Thus, MSCs seeded into porous BCP ceramics coated with nHA may be an effective bone substitute to reconstruct bone defects in the clinic.

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Biological properties of calcium phosphate biomaterials for bone repair: a review

“…Results have shown that calcium phosphate appears to have the advantages of good osteoconductivity and has been investigated in the clinical treatment of rabbits, 65,66 dogs 11,62,67,68 and rats, 69,70 Yu et al 62 implanted CaP ceramics with interconnected channels into the defect sites of rats; the results indicated that the in-growth of blood vessels was observed in the border of the scaffold. nHA-coated BCP ceramics seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were prepared and shown to enhance the formation of new bone tissue in the BCP ceramics after being implanted into rabbits for 12 weeks.…”

Osteopontin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Immunoreactivity in Critical Bone Defects Matrix Production: A Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Xenogeneic Hydroxyapatite Comparison

“…Hu J et al [18] analyzed the morphology response of nano-hydroxyapatite particles in relation to bone formation. They obtained as results that nano-hydroxyapatite favored cell adhesion and promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of osteogenic genes, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing osteopontin production.…”