Porous platinum nanowire arrays for direct ethanolfuel cell applications

Zhang, Xinyi; Lü, Wei; Da, Jiyan; Wang, Huanting; Zhao, Dongyuan; Webley, Paul A.

doi:10.1039/b813830c

Cited by 135 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The cause of this improved performance has been attributed to different factors, including enhanced catalytic activity of the nanostructured surface, improved CO tolerance, and faster transport in the catalyst layer. Higher catalytic activity has been reported for Pt nanowires made by electrodeposition in a polymeric template for methanol electrooxidation [21] and for porous Pt nanowires made by electrodeposition in an alumina template for ethanol electrooxidation [26] in comparison to a commercial Pt black catalyst. In contrast, poorer activity was reported for methanol electrooxidation with PtRu nanowire networks fabricated by electrodeposition in an SBA-15 in comparison to a commercial PtRu black, though with greater power output from a resulting fuel cell attributed to enhanced mass transport of products and reactants in the porous network and reduced the number of interfaces from the lack of a Nafion binder commonly used with Pt black catalysts [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formic Acid Electrooxidation by a Platinum Nanotubule Array Electrode

Broaddus

Wedell

Gold

2013

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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One-dimensional metallic nanostructures such as nanowires, rods, and tubes have drawn much attention for electrocatalytic applications due to potential advantages that include fewer diffusion impeding interfaces with polymeric binders, more facile pathways for electron transfer, and more effective exposure of active surface sites. 1D nanostructured electrodes have been fabricated using a variety of methods, typically showing improved current response which has been attributed to improved CO tolerance, enhanced surface activity, and/or improved transport characteristics. A template wetting approach was used to fabricate an array of platinum nanotubules which were examined electrochemically with regard to the electrooxidation of formic acid. Arrays of 100 and 200 nm nanotubules were compared to a traditional platinum black catalyst, all of which were found to have similar surface areas. Peak formic acid oxidation current was observed to be highest for the 100 nm nanotubule array, followed by the 200 nm array and the Pt black; however, CO tolerance of all electrodes was similar, as were the onset potentials of the oxidation and reduction peaks. The higher current response was attributed to enhanced mass transfer in the nanotubule electrodes, likely due to a combination of both the more open nanostructure as well as the lack of a polymeric binder in the catalyst layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formic Acid Electrooxidation by a Platinum Nanotubule Array Electrode

Broaddus

Wedell

Gold

2013

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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“…[24][25][26][27][28][29] The extremely high surface-to-volume ratios contribute to large quantities of reactive interfaces, which make this kind of materials extremely sensitive to species adsorbed on the inner and outer surfaces, resulting in excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Meanwhile, 1D porous nanowires have shown desired functions in catalysis, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] photocatalyst, 35,37 sensors, 36,[38][39][40] fuel cells, 41 Li-ion batteries, 37,[42][43][44][45][46][47] super-capacitors, 48,49 water treatment [50][51][52] and so forth. As far as the literature is concerned, there is no special review focusing on the typical 1D porous nanowires (arrays) referring to synthesis and applications till now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Applications of One-Dimensional Porous Nanowire Arrays: A Review

Wang

2015

NANO

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In recent years, particular attention has been drawn to one-dimensional (1D) porous nanowires due to their high surface-to-volume ratios as well as the as-revealed excellent performance in varieties of applications. This review begins with a wide introduction to the as-reported various preparation methods for the typical 1D porous nanowires mainly consisting of template-free method (i.e., chemical etching, chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal, electrospinning, gassolid reaction, etc.) and template-assisted method (i.e., using hard template and soft template, respectively). Based on the classi¯cation of design and preparation strategies, the as-evolved various nonmetallic and metallic 1D nanoporous materials with varied microstructural features have been highlighted, followed by the corresponding description and discussion on their typical applications in catalysis, sensors, rechargeable batteries, solar cells, super-capacitors, water treatment, random lasers and so forth.

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“…By the advent of nanomaterials, electrode development for fuel cell has been considerably benefited and sizeable performance could be obtained so far even with microgram loading of the Pt catalyst. [4][5] However, looking at the designing of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for PEMFC on a commercial point of view, apart from controlling the size of Pt and its dispersion, a proper tuning of mass transfer rate is also important. A smooth surface geometry of the carbon support material is always desirable to effectively establish the ionomer-catalyst-gas pore triple-phase boundary around the Pt particles and thereby enable the later to participate in the reaction with a concomitant improvement in the Pt utilization level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanofiber with Selectively Decorated Pt Both on Inner and Outer Walls as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cell Applications

2009

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A novel electrocatalyst with excellent Pt dispersion on the inner and outer wall of a carbon nanofiber (CNF) was prepared by a modified polyol process in which both the surface tension and polarity characteristics of the medium were properly adjusted to favor solution entry into the tubular region by capillary filling and homogenous wetting of the inner wall surface by the solvents. The pristine CNF, which possesses inherently active inner wall surface and inactive outer wall surface, lead to selective Pt deposition along the inner wall, whereas activation of the outer wall with chemical functionalization resulted into excellent dispersion of Pt along both the inner and outer walls. Structural and morphological characterizations using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that when Pt could be dispersed along the inner as well as the outer walls of CNF, the Pt particle size reduces to almost half as compared to the one with Pt decoration only along a single wall of the substrate material. Further, electrochemical studies using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements revealed enhanced methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction properties, respectively. The electrochemical active area obtained for the catalyst with both inner and outer wall Pt decoration is nearly two times higher than that corresponding to the one with only inner wall Pt decoration. Similarly, the rate constant for oxygen reduction reaction displayed by this sample was four times higher in comparison with the sample prepared by utilizing only one wall for Pt decoration.

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Porous platinum nanowire arrays for direct ethanolfuel cell applications

Abstract: Porous Pt nanowire arrays show enhanced electrocatalytic activities for ethanol oxidation in direct alcohol fuel cells.

Cited by 135 publications

References 27 publications

Formic Acid Electrooxidation by a Platinum Nanotubule Array Electrode

Formic Acid Electrooxidation by a Platinum Nanotubule Array Electrode

Synthesis and Applications of One-Dimensional Porous Nanowire Arrays: A Review

Carbon Nanofiber with Selectively Decorated Pt Both on Inner and Outer Walls as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cell Applications

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