Porphyromonas gingivalis : Its virulence and vaccine

Abstract

Background:The microbial fl orae in adult periodontitis lesions are comprised of anaerobic rods with Porphyromonas gingivalis as one of the major components (Slots 1976; Slots 1979; and Tanner et al., 1979). P. gingivalis is a black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobic rod and a secondary colonizer of dental plaque requiring antecedent organisms. The presence of this organism either alone or as a mixed infection with other bacteria and with the absence of benefi cial species appears to be essential for disease activity. It is a predominant member of the subgingival microbiota in disease. It possesses and "excretes" numerous potentially toxic virulence factors. Aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of studies on P. gingivalis and its virulence factors with a special focus on its vaccine. Materials and Methods: An electronic and manual search based on agreed search phrases between the primary investigator and a secondary investigator was performed for the literature review till January 2014. The articles that were identifi ed by this systematic review (total of 190) were analyzed in detail, which included the study of inference and conclusion. Conclusions: Within the limits of this systematic review, it can be concluded that P. gingivalis induce immune infl ammatory response in periodontitis subjects. Therapeutic vaccines need to be developed and studied for their effi cacy in controlling periodontitis.

Phytocannabinoids and gingival inflammation: Preclinical findings and a placebo‐controlled double‐blind randomized clinical trial with cannabidiol

“…Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay 21 . After 24 h of simultaneous treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis 22 (1 μg/mL, SMB00610, Sigma‐Aldrich), the cells were incubated for 24 and 48 h with two concentrations of CBD or other phytocannabinoids (0.5 μM or 0.25 μM) in serum‐free medium. An ELISA Human IL‐6 Kit, ELISA Human IL‐8 Kit (Peprotech), and Human Total Human MMP‐2 Duo Set ELISA (Bio‐Techne R&D Systems Ltd.) were used for analyses of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MMP‐2, respectively, in the cell culture medium after the treatment as per the manufacturer's protocol.…”

“…Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. 21 After 24 h of simultaneous treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis 22 (1 μg/mL, SMB00610, Sigma-Aldrich), the cells were incubated for 24 The preclinical experimental details can be found in Section 2 in Data S1.…”

<p>Efek pemberian gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap jumlah osteoblas dan osteoklas pada tulang alveolar tikus periodontitis</p><p>The effect of robusta coffee bean (Coffea canephora) extract gel on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the alveolar bone of periodontitis rats</p>

“…Kgp dapat meningkatkan pembentukan osteoklas melalui degradasi OPG yang merupakan faktor penghambat pembentukan osteoklas 22 , sedangkan Rgp dapat menstimulasi MMP yang dapat menyebabkan degradasi kolagen. 23 Rerata jumlah osteoklas pada kelompok perlakuan hari ke-7 dan ke-14 berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol negatif. Penurunan osteoklas terjadi pada kelompok perlakuan hari ke-7, dan semakin menurun pada hari ke-14.…”

Exacerbation of AMD Phenotype in Lasered CNV Murine Model by Dysbiotic Oral Pathogens

“…Also expressed by Pg is a polysaccharide capsule and a unique lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These are typically involved in modulation of host responses, host tissue damage, spreading infection, and fibrinolytic, keratinolytic, and other hydrolytic activities [ 54 , 55 ]. From those listed, gingipains are major virulence factors which exist as lysine-gingipain (Kgp), arginine-gingipain-A(RgpA) and arginine-gingipain-B (RgpB) [ 38 , 56 ].…”