Possibility and Problems of Organic Apple Growing in Hungary

Balázs, K.; Molnár, Mária Judit; Bujaki, G.; Gonda, I.; Karácsony, D.; Bartha, J.

doi:10.1080/01448765.1997.9755197

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Entomopathogens such as Bacillus thuringiensis or granulosis viruses have been used successfully against a wide range of pests in organic crops, such as lepidopteran species in tree fruits (3,14,27,46), lepidopteran species in soybean (62), and lepidopteran species and the Colorado potato beetle in vegetables (103,169). In addition, many other biocontrol control agents originally developed for conventional agriculture have since been adapted for use in organic systems, but much of this work has not been published in peer-reviewed journals.…”

Section: Third-phase Strategies the Role Of Biocontrol Agents In Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Crops

Zehnder

Gurr

Kühne³

et al. 2007

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

508

300

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Burgeoning consumer interest in organically produced foods has made organic farming one of the fastest growing segments of agriculture. This growth has not been supported adequately by rigorous research to address challenges such as arthropod pest management. The research that has been conducted, however, is complemented by research in aspects of conventional agriculture that may have applicability in organic systems, as well as by research in underpinning fields such as applied ecology. This article synthesizes the available literature in relation to a conceptual model of arthropod pest management strategies suitable for organic systems. The present work uses the four phases of the model to review the strategies in an agroecological context and provides a synthesis of the factors that influence the success of each phase. Rather than constituting a fringe science, pest management research for organic systems draws on cutting edge science in fields such as landscape and chemical ecology and has a bright future.

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Section: Third-phase Strategies the Role Of Biocontrol Agents In Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Crops

Zehnder

Gurr

Kühne³

et al. 2007

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

508

300

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“…Linked to reductions in both the application and the spectrum of pesticides over the last two decades, the importance of A. pomorum as an apple pest has risen, particularly in organic farming systems (e.g. Balázs et al 1997;Cross et al 1999;Oste-Lédée et al 2001). According to their vital requirements (Miles 1923), the size of populations of A. pomorum might be limited by opportunities for both overwintering and egg-laying ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling pest infestation and biological control in low-input orchards: the case of apple blossom weevil

Miñarro

García

2018

J Pest Sci

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Low input farming is an alternative production system that provides a great opportunity to disentangle the natural mechanisms regulating crop pests, since neither pests nor their natural enemies are disrupted by pesticides. Here we use a key apple pest in Europe, the apple blossom weevil (Anthonomus pomorum), as a model case to unravel the factors driving pest infestation and its biological control in a low input context, namely the cider apple orchards of NW Spain. We applied a holistic approach based on the complete life-cycle of the pest, and combined large-scale observation (23 orchards) with small-scale experimental assessment. Weevil attack (0.4-37.4% of flowers) increased with the proportion on apple trees in the immediate orchard neighbourhood, and with semi-natural woody habitat in the surrounding landscape, and decreased with tree distance to orchard edge and apple bloom level. Thus the prevalence of the pest depended on the availability of the various resources required for foraging, egg-lying and overwintering. Three types of natural enemies supplied complementary pest control by preying on weevils at different stages in their lifecycle: seven parasitoid species attacked immature weevils (6.4-81.5%) while the additive effects of birds and crawling arthropods were evident in terms of the removal of adult weevils (31-44%). We conclude that the effective biological control of A. pomorum can be achieved in low input systems to maintain the pest at non-harmful levels, through combined management of the pest, its habitat and its natural enemies.

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“…Reduced risk insecticides have been marketed as good alternative products because they are purported to be safer for the environment and more pest specific and they conform to the Food Quality Protection Act (Balazs et al 1997; Pekar 1999; Hill and Foster 2003). Reduced risk insecticides labeled for use on apples include Apollo® (clofentizine), Nexter® (pyridaben), Zeal® (etoxazole), Actara® (thiamethoxam), Esteem® (pyriproxyfen), Avaunt® (indoxacarb), Assail® (acetamiprid), Intrepid® (methoxyfenozide), SpinTor® (spinosad) and dormant oil (petroleum oil).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to the eventual loss or restricted use of organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, the Reduced-Risk Management Program, a collaborative effort consisting of scientists, growers, representatives from the pesticide industry, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, was formed to evaluate newer reduced risk insecticides under realistic field conditions. Reduced risk insecticides have been marketed as good alternative products because they are purported to be safer for the environment and more pest specific and they conform to the Food Quality Protection Act ( Balazs et al 1997 ; Pekar 1999 ; Hill and Foster 2003 ). Reduced risk insecticides labeled for use on apples include Apollo® (clofentizine), Nexter® (pyridaben), Zeal® (etoxazole), Actara® (thiamethoxam), Esteem® (pyriproxyfen), Avaunt® (indoxacarb), Assail® (acetamiprid), Intrepid® (methoxyfenozide), SpinTor® (spinosad) and dormant oil (petroleum oil).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Insecticide Regimens on Biological Control of the Tarnished Plant Bug,Lygus lineolaris, byPeristenusspp. in New York State Apple Orchards

Crampton

Loeb

Hoelmer

et al. 2010

Journal of Insect Science

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To improve biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), the European parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced into the US in the 1980's and has become established in forage alfalfa, strawberries and apples. The objective of this study was to determine how four different insecticide management regimes affected parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. During the summers of 2005 and 2006, L. lineolaris nymphs were collected from New York State apple orchards using industry standard, reduced risk, and organically approved insecticides only. A ‘no insecticide’ (abandoned orchard) treatment was also included in 2006. Rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris nymphs were determined using a DNA-based laboratory technique. Results indicated that insecticide treatment had a significant effect on rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. Compared to the industry standard treatment, rates of parasitism were higher in reduced risk orchards and lower in organic orchards. These results suggest that it is difficult to predict a priori the consequences of insecticide programs and point to the need to take into consideration the specific pests and beneficial organisms involved as well as the crop and the specific insecticides being applied.

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Possibility and Problems of Organic Apple Growing in Hungary

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Crops

Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Crops

Unravelling pest infestation and biological control in low-input orchards: the case of apple blossom weevil

Effect of Insecticide Regimens on Biological Control of the Tarnished Plant Bug,Lygus lineolaris, byPeristenusspp. in New York State Apple Orchards

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