Possible genetic damage in the Czech nuclear power plant workers

Šrám, Radìm J.; Rössner, Pavel; Rubeš, Jiřı́; Beskid, Olena; Dusek, Zdik; Chvátalová, Irena; Schmuczerova, Jana; Milcová, Alena; Solanský, Ivo; Bavorová, H; Očadlíková, Dana; Kopečná, Olga; Musilová, Petra

doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.024

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The fraction of exchanges detected was calculated using equations appropriate for one-to three-color paints [31] and was based on the DNA content of the painted chromosomes [32]. The proportion of genome coverage differs slightly for males and females due to the larger size of the X compared to the Y chromosome and some laboratories adjust for these gender differences in their calculations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International study of factors affecting human chromosome translocations

Sigurdson

Hauptmann

et al. 2008

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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122

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Abstract*Correspondence, page proofs, and reprint requests to: James D. Tucker, Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences, 1370 Biological Sciences Building, 5047 Gullen Mall, Wayne State University, Detroit, TEL: (313) 577-2783, FAX: (313) 577-3602, EMAIL: E-mail: jtucker@biology.biosci.wayne.edu. z Retired Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Chromosome translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal, healthy humans increase with age, but the effects of gender, race, and cigarette smoking on background translocation yields have not been examined systematically. Further, the shape of the relationship between age and translocation frequency (TF) has not been definitively determined. We collected existing data from sixteen laboratories in North America, Europe, and Asia on TFs measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization whole chromosome painting among 1933 individuals. In Poisson regression models, age, ranging from newborns (cord blood) to 85 years, was strongly associated with TF and this relationship showed significant upward curvature at older ages vs. a linear relationship (p <0.001). Ever smokers had significantly higher TFs than non-smokers (rate ratio (RR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.30) and smoking modified the effect of age on TFs with a steeper age-related increase among ever smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.001). TFs did not differ by gender. Interpreting an independent effect of race was difficult owing to laboratory variation. Our study is three times larger than any pooled effort to date, confirming a suspected curvilinear relationship of TF with age. The significant effect of cigarette smoking has not been observed with previous pooled studies of TF in humans. Our data provide stable estimates of background TF by age, gender, race, and smoking status and suggest an acceleration of chromosome damage above age 60 and among those with a history of smoking cigarettes. NIH Public Access

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual laboratories cultured the blood samples and painted various combinations of chromosomes according to their routine practices [10,15,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The specific chromosomes that were painted and the number of colors used by each laboratory are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Blood Sample Collection and Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International study of factors affecting human chromosome translocations

Sigurdson

Hauptmann

et al. 2008

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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122

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“…The DNA repair genes examined by us included the XPA, XPC (Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation groups A and C), ERCC2 and ERCC5 (excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation groups 2 and 5; also known as XPD and XPG) genes operative in nucleotide excision repair, the XRCC1 (X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1) and OGG1 (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase) genes functioning in base excision repair, and the XRCC3 (X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 3) gene involved in double-strand break/recombination repair. Most of the DNA repair polymorphisms examined here have been reported to affect the level of either cytogenetic alterations or DNA repair capacity in humans [Duell et al, 2002;Qiao et al, 2002;Affatato et al, 2004;Aka et al, 2004;Godderis et al, 2004;Tuimala et al, 2004;Vodicka et al, 2004a, b;Angelini et al, 2005;Kiuru et al, 2005;Mateuca et al, 2005;Rzeszowska-Wolny et al, 2005;Sram et al, 2006Sram et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The XME polymorphisms examined in the present study concerned genes encoding phase II enzymes important in the metabolism of many carcinogens, including glutathione Stransferases M1, P1, and T1 (GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1), N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1, NAT2), and microsomal epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1). All of these polymorphisms have been implicated to affect the level of chromosomal damage [Conforti-Froes et al, 1997;Scarpato et al, 1997;Knudsen et al, 1999;Vodicka et al, 2001Vodicka et al, , 2004aTuimala et al, 2004;Leng et al, 2005;Sram et al, 2006Sram et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection of a specific Hinf I restriction site indicated the presence of a variant Val (677T) allele, while the fragment remained intact in the presence of the wild type Ala (677C) allele. For the MTR polymorphism, primers described by Biros [2002] were used to amplify a 174-bp PCR product [Sram et al, 2006[Sram et al, , 2007. The variant 2756G allele was differentiated from the wild Gln in exon 23) polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP techniques as described by Aka et al [2004], Hemminki et al [2001], and Dybdahl et al [1999].…”

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Chromosomal aberrations in railroad transit workers: Effect of genetic polymorphisms

Catalán

Heilimo

Falck

et al. 2009

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Complex chemical mixtures are transported by train from Russia to Finland for further shipment. Here, we studied if exposure to genotoxic components among these substances could affect chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in peripheral lymphocytes of workers handling the tank cars. An initial survey among 48 railroad workers and 39 referents (male smokers and nonsmokers) showed an elevation of CAs. A campaign was started to reduce exposures through preventive measures. Five years later, 51 tank car workers and 40 age-matched referents (all nonsmoking men) were studied for CAs and genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism (EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, NAT1, NAT2), DNA repair (ERCC2, ERCC5, XPA, XPC, XRCC1, XRCC3), and folate metabolism (MTHFR, MTR). No increase in CAs was seen in the exposed group, suggesting that the preventive measures had been successful. However, a positive association existed between exposure duration and CA level among the exposed subjects. The level of chromosome-type breaks was actually lower in the exposed workers than the referents, particularly among MTHFR wild-type homozygotes or XRCC3 codon 241 variant allele carriers, suggesting modulation of CA frequency by folate metabolism and DNA repair. An interaction was observed between the occupational exposure and MTHFR, EPHX1, and MTR genotypes in determining CA level. The NAT2, ERCC2 exon 10, and XRCC1 codon 194 polymorphisms also affected CA frequency. Our findings suggest that handling of tank cars containing complex chemical mixtures poses a genotoxic risk, which may be reduced by preventive measures. Several genetic polymorphisms seem to modify the genotoxic effect or baseline CA level.

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