Postergación de la maternidad en Chile: Una realidad oculta

Abstract

Association between motherhood postponement and socioeconomic statusBackground: Delayed motherhood is a common phenomenon in the developed world, where the age at first delivery is around 30 years. In Chile the National Institute of Statistics established that this age has remained around 23 years for more than two decades. Motherhood postponement may be modulated by socioeconomic status. Aim: To determine whether the age at first delivery is higher in a private clinic compared to a public hospital.

Enacting motherhood: time and social change in Chile

“…To do this they have addressed the factors determining fertility (Bay, Del Popolo, & Ferrando, 2004), the legal protection of motherhood (Casas & Valenzuela, 2011), women's rights (Pieper Mooney, 2009), maternal health policies (Alvarado & Herrera, 2011), the tensions between motherhood, work, and health (Ansoleaga, 2011;Pemjean et al, 2011), the reconfiguration of gender relations (PNUD, 2010) and family structures (Arriagada, 2004;Salvo & Gonzálvez, 2015;Valdés, 2007), adoption and assisted reproduction (Herrera, 2011), childbirth (Murray, 2012), and the cultural mandates of women's self-identity (Montecino, 1990). The few studies that address time have described the quantitative variations of the frequency of childbearing and the timing of the transition to motherhood over time (Donoso, 2007;Fuentes, Jesam, Devoto, Angarita, Galleguillos, Torres, & Mackenna, 2010;INE, 2006;MINSAL et al, 2014;Schkolnik, 2004;SERNAM & INE, 2004). Some of these studies have also explored women's reasons and justifications behind the temporal transformations in reproductive behaviour (Cerda, 2010;Montilva, 2008;SERNAM, 2012).…”

“…In contemporary Chile, this social norm is predominantly reproduced and validated by medical discourses. Among many others, Fuentes et al (2010Fuentes et al ( , p. 1241 argue that as women's age increases, so does the risk of infertility, chromosome foetal anomalies, spontaneous abortions, the frequency and severity of pregnancy pathologies, and the probability of still, premature and low weight births. This discourse is part of what Dubriwnt and Ramadurai (2013) refer to as the neoliberal risk frame of medical establishment where women 'are empowered to make a birthing choice based on individualized risk assessment and ultimately are responsible for all ramifications of that choice' (p. 254).…”

Cambios en la distribución etaria de las madres en Chile y en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile y su influencia en la morbimortalidad neonatal

“…El HCUCH pasó de ser un hospital público a uno privado en 1994 por lo que su distribución etárea actualmente se comporta como los centros privados con mayor predominio de edades mayores. Esta hipótesis, se apoya en un estudio nacional en donde se compara una institución pública con una privada (Hospital San Borja Arriarán y la Clínica Las Condes) con edades promedio del parto para el hospital público de 25,65 ± 0,92 años respecto a la Clínica Las Condes de 32,73 ± 0,110 años (p<0,05) y la proporción de primíparas adolescentes (<20 años de edad) en el hospital público correspondió a 42,4% respecto a la clínica privada con un 1,6% (28).…”

The Biological Clock: Age, Risk, and the Biopolitics of Reproductive Time

“…As elsewhere, these changes have restructured fertility and reproductive patterns. Studies conducted in the last decade reveal that an increasing number of women are delaying first childbearing and becoming mothers at an older age (Cerda 2010;Fuentes et al 2010;Yopo Díaz 2018a, 2018b. Data from Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (2017) reveals that women's average age at first childbearing has increased almost 3 years in the last decades from 22.47 years in 1972 to 25.04 years in 2016.…”