Postnatal development of lymphatic vasculature in the brain meninges

Abstract

Compared with the embryonic developmental timing of lymphatic vessels in other tissues, e.g. skin, dural lymphatic vessel development is dramatically delayed. This study provides useful anatomical data for continuing investigations of the fundamental mechanisms that underlie dural lymphatic vessel development. Developmental Dynamics 247:741-753, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Live Imaging of Intracranial Lymphatics in the Zebrafish

“…6A-D), with growth apparently taking place both by lymphangiogenic sprouting from the preexisting plexus as well as by formation and incorporation of lymphatic cell clusters or sacs (Fig. 6E-H), as has been reported for growing meningeal lymphatics in mice 34,35 . In mice, interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid drain through dorsal meningeal lymphatic vessels 4 and basal meningeal lymphatic vessels 3 emptying into the deep cervical node.…”

Energy-dependent transport at dural lymphatic vessels is necessary for Aβ brain clearance in Alzheimer’s disease

“…In most rat specimens, we observed dual lymphatic vessels and dual meningeal veins flanking the MMA, with some variability in morphologies. The lymphatic plexus in this lateral meningeal region was recently reported to be present early in postnatal developmental and extends from the foramen spinosum to the cranial vault (47,48). This lymphatic plexus is particularly interesting in light of recent anatomical studies showing that the human MMA is invested with a venous sinus sheath (49,50).…”

“…(1) running along meningeal artery and veins in the lateral meninges; (2) running parallel with central venous sinuses; and (3) running along the cribiform plate (18,47,48,96). Lymphatic collecting ducts accompanying the meningeal artery presumably exit the skull base through a plexus at the foramen spinosum.…”

The intestinal microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: A review

“…The main pathways of pathogen infiltration of the CNS include the lymphatic pathways, the BBB and the blood‐labyrinth barrier (BLB) . Lymphatic vessels are spread along the transverse sinuses and superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and reach the olfactory bulb . The entorhinal cortex‐hippocampus axis and the olfactory system have been suggested as the earliest anatomical regions targeted by AD .…”