The intestinal microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: A review

Li, Zhuo; Zhu, Hua; Zhang, Ling; Qin, Chuan

doi:10.1002/ame2.12033

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…The remodeling of the microbial pattern extends the research performed so far and opens up theories that will reconsider the introduction of new strains into the human microbial ecosystem by modifying/decreasing the bioavailability of some essential functional compounds [75]. This is a secondary explanation for the reduction of colonic bioavailability, microbial plasticity, and the incidence of degenerative diseases [76].…”

Section: The Causes Of Disruption Of the Microbiota-mediated Responsementioning

confidence: 84%

Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review

Vamanu

Gatea

2020

Biomedicines

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Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of the microbiota in supporting the physiological functions, owing to its metabolomic component. The presence of biocomponents generally leads to the correction of the microbial pattern correlated with the reduction of oxidative pressure. This study aims to present the main processes that correlate the bioavailability and bioactivity of some functional components through the action of the human microbiota. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is an innovative manner involving alternatives that increase the bioavailability of certain natural or metabolic components has been proposed. Probiotic strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum) may represent an intermediary for increasing the antioxidant bioactivity, and they may be administered in the form of a biomass enriched with functional compounds, such as phenolic acids. The limiting effect of gastrointestinal transit is, in several cases, the key to the biopharmaceutical value of new products (or supplements). The identification of newer ways of formulating supplements also involves the compatibility of different types of products, the testing of bioaccessibility, and the elimination of biotransformations.

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Section: The Causes Of Disruption Of the Microbiota-mediated Responsementioning

confidence: 84%

Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review

Vamanu

Gatea

2020

Biomedicines

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“…Ever since the first completion of a whole genome of a free-living organism in 1995, numerous studies on microbes and viruses for genome sequencing have been conducted and are still in progress with further investigations of their relation to human health and diseases [7][8][9][10]. Recently, several studies have focused on how the gut microbiota influence health and diseases and had promising results concerning autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune uveitis [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Intestinal epithelial cells are reported to play an essential role in balancing gut microbiota and their metabolic changes can result in dysbiosis in certain autoimmune diseases [10,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut dysbiosis is prevailing in Sjögren’s syndrome and is related to dry eye severity

et al. 2020

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Objective To investigate gut dysbiosis in patients with Sjö gren's syndrome (SS) or dry eye syndrome (DES) compared to normal subjects and to evaluate the association of dysbiosis with dry eye severity. Methods 10 subjects with SS, 14 subjects with DES and 12 controls were enrolled. Corneal staining, tear break up time (TBUT) and tear secretion were evaluated. Bacterial genomic 16s rRNA from stool samples were analyzed. Main outcomes were microbiome compositional differences among groups and their correlation to dry eye signs. Results Gut microbiome analysis revealed significant compositional differences in SS compared to controls and DES. In phylum, Bacteriodetes increased, while Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Actinobacteria decreased (p<0.05). In genus, Bifidobacterium was reduced (vs controls; p = 0.025, vs DES; p = 0.026). Beta diversity of SS also showed significant distances from controls and DES (p = 0.007 and 0.019, respectively). SS showed decreased genus of Blautia (p = 0.041), Dorea (p = 0.025) and Agathobacter (p = 0.035) compared to controls and increased genus of Prevotella (p = 0.026), Odoribacter (p = 0.028) and Alistipes (p = 0.46) compared to DES. On the other hand, DES only had increased genus Veillonella (p = 0.045) and reduced Subdoligranulum (p = 0.035) compared to controls. Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were significantly related with dry eye signs (p<0.05). After adjustment of age, gender and group classification, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed tear secretion was strongly affected by Prevotella (p = 0.025). With additional adjustment of hydroxychloroquine use, TBUT was markedly affected by Prevotella (p = 0.037) and Actinobacteria (p = 0.001).

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“…Despite current treatment approaches for dry eye syndrome (DES) [ 14 , 15 ], there are still unmet needs that require the development of new interventions for SS subjects. Recent studies have revealed gut microbiota to be critical in Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune uveitis, and SS-related ocular surface disease [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. As with autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and the distant brain are also influenced by gut microbiota [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome?

Moon

Yoon

Choi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Using metagenomics, continuing evidence has elicited how intestinal microbiota trigger distant autoimmunity. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the ocular surface, with frequently unmet therapeutic needs requiring new interventions for dry eye management. Current studies also suggest the possible relation of autoimmune dry eye with gut microbiota. Herein, we review the current knowledge of how the gut microbiota interact with the immune system in homeostasis as well as its influence on rheumatic and ocular autoimmune diseases, and compare their characteristics with SS. Both rodent and human studies regarding gut microbiota in SS and environmental dry eye are explored, and the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on dry eye are discussed. Recent clinical studies have commonly observed a correlation between gut dysbiosis and clinical manifestations of SS, while environmental dry eye portrays characteristics in between normal and autoimmune. Moreover, a decrease in both the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and genus Faecalibacterium have most commonly been observed in SS subjects. The presumable pathways forming the “gut dysbiosis–ocular surface–lacrimal gland axis” are introduced. This review may provide perspectives into the link between the gut microbiome and dry eye, enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis in autoimmune dry eye, and be useful in the development of future interventions.

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The intestinal microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: A review

Cited by 60 publications

References 119 publications

Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review

Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review

Gut dysbiosis is prevailing in Sjögren’s syndrome and is related to dry eye severity

Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome?

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