Postnatal growth, neurodevelopment and altered adiposity after preterm birth—from a clinical nutrition perspective

Yeung, May T.

doi:10.1080/08035250600724507

Cited by 84 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It has been shown that impaired weight gain, especially among infants born small for gestational age, is associated, in the short-term, with infant mortality and morbidity 25 and, in the long-term, with suboptimal neurological development, 26 short stature, 27 coronary heart disease 28 and stroke. 29 Undernutrition in infancy, in particular in the second half of the first year of life, is the underlying cause of most infant mortality in low-income countries and the vicious cycle between malnutrition and infections is a frequent occurrence.…”

Section: Statement Of Purpose and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During catch-up growth, an infant below the expected weight for gestational age at birth gains weight rapidly to reach a weight corresponding to his/her genetic potential. Because catch-up growth represents a normalization of a previously abnormal growth pattern and because it is associated with improved neurological development 26 and other benefits, 25 catch-up growth is generally seen as a desirable growth pattern. However, in the specific context of rapid weight gain as a predictor of later obesity, it is unclear if infants who experience catch-up growth after intrauterine growth retardation are protected against an increased risk of obesity or if rapid weight gain, even in the context of catchup growth, is just a particular case of rapid weight gain associated with later development of obesity.…”

Section: Statement Of Purpose and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature and strength of epidemiological evidence for origins of childhood and adulthood obesity in the first year of life

Stettler

2007

Int J Obes

118

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Increased interest in early life origins of chronic disease, a concept often referred to as programming, has resulted in several studies investigating the origins of childhood or adulthood obesity during infancy. Rapid infancy weight gain as a risk factor and breastfeeding as a protective factor for later obesity have been most thoroughly studied. The association between rapid infancy weight gain and later obesity is supported by several observational studies, but not by the two, relatively small, randomized trials. This association is strong, suggests a dose-response effect and has biological plausibility, but is not consistent between study designs. Rapid infancy weight gain as a risk factor for later obesity has been experimentally reproduced in animal models, but not in humans. The protective effect of breastfeeding on obesity is also supported by several observational studies, but randomized trials are not available. Considering the potential for residual confounding factors, current evidence is insufficient to demonstrate origins of obesity during infancy or to change public health recommendations, but the potential for obesity prevention during infancy is promising.

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Section: Statement Of Purpose and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statement Of Purpose and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and strength of epidemiological evidence for origins of childhood and adulthood obesity in the first year of life

Stettler

2007

Int J Obes

118

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“…In preterm infants, concern about rapid postnatal growth, fat accumulation, and their potential adverse effects has increased interest in the composition and proportionality of postnatal growth. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Because there is no routine clinical measurement of body composition in the NICU setting, a proxy such as BMI could be a useful clinical tool for preterm infants.…”

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confidence: 99%

BMI Curves for Preterm Infants

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preterm infants experience disproportionate growth failure postnatally and may be large weight for length despite being small weight for age by hospital discharge. The objective of this study was to create and validate intrauterine weight-for-length growth curves using the contemporary, large, racially diverse US birth parameters sample used to create the Olsen weight-, length-, and head-circumference-for-age curves.METHODS: Data from 391 681 US infants (Pediatrix Medical Group) born at 22 to 42 weeks' gestational age (born in 1998-2006) included birth weight, length, and head circumference, estimated gestational age, and gender. Separate subsamples were used to create and validate curves. Established methods were used to determine the weight-for-length ratio that was most highly correlated with weight and uncorrelated with length. Final smoothed percentile curves (3rd to 97th) were created by the Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method. The validation sample was used to confirm results. RESULTS:The final sample included 254 454 singleton infants (57.2% male) who survived to discharge. BMI was the best overall weight-for-length ratio for both genders and a majority of gestational ages. Gender-specific BMI-for-age curves were created (n = 127 446) and successfully validated (n = 126 988). Mean z scores for the validation sample were ∼0 (∼1 SD).CONCLUSIONS: BMI was different across gender and gestational age. We provide a set of validated reference curves (gender-specific) to track changes in BMI for prematurely born infants cared for in the NICU for use with weight-, length-, and head-circumference-for-age intrauterine growth curves. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Preterm infants experience disproportionate growth failure postnatally and may be large weight for length despite being small weight for age by hospital discharge. There is no routinely used measure to quantify and monitor disproportionate growth in the NICU.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: BMI differs across gender and gestational age. We provide a set of validated reference curves to track changes in BMI for prematurely born infants for use with weight-, length-, and head-circumference-for-age intrauterine growth curves.

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“…Once EUGR occurs, excessive catch up growth may lead to increased adiposity and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome later in life (Yeung 2006, Morrison et al 2010). This has led to a dilemma after discharge: whether to aim for better nutrition to achieve improved neurodevelopmental outcomes, which may come at a cost of early-onset obesity and diabetes (Ong 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Neonatal Gastroenterology and Neonatal Nutrition

Rao¹,

Ravikumara²,

Simmer³

2012

Neonatal Care

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Postnatal growth, neurodevelopment and altered adiposity after preterm birth—from a clinical nutrition perspective

Abstract: Optimal nutritional management to minimize hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance may potentially improve neurodevelopment and facilitate catch-up growth with normal body composition.

Cited by 84 publications

References 66 publications

Nature and strength of epidemiological evidence for origins of childhood and adulthood obesity in the first year of life

Nature and strength of epidemiological evidence for origins of childhood and adulthood obesity in the first year of life

BMI Curves for Preterm Infants

Recent Advances in Neonatal Gastroenterology and Neonatal Nutrition

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