Postprandial Metabolism is Impaired in Overweight Normoglycemic Young Adults without Family History of Diabetes

Abstract

Markers of inflammation and T2DM. Plasma levels of obesity/T2DM related markers [Interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-peptide, Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Resistin, Visfatin, Ghrelin, Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP), Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and Adiponectin] were measured using Bio-Plex Pro Human Diabetes Assay panel, Bio-Rad, following the manufacturer's protocol 18. A detailed protocol is provided with supplementary materials. plasma sample preparation and metabolomics analysis. An Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography, ACQUITY UPLC System (Waters) coupled to a Quadrupole-Time of Flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer (SYNAPT-G2 HDMS, Waters) was used for untargeted metabolomics analysis. An analytical batch comprised of equal number of samples from all the study groups and their run order was randomized within a batch. The Quality control samples were prepared by pooling equal volume of aliquots from all the samples. QC samples were analyzed after every 5 th sample run. The features detected in <50% of the QC samples and <20% of the experimental samples were removed to exclude metabolites with poor repeatability in the metabolomics data. After normalization, features with a relative standard deviation of <30% in the QC samples were used for further statistical analysis. Detailed sample preparation, liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry protocol, data transformations, and metabolite identification are provided with the supplementary materials.

Effects of curcumin and its nanomicelle form on body weight, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and blood parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

“…The results showed that induction of diabetes increased the level of glucose and decreased the level of insulin that are already con rmed by others 1,2,3 . Diabetes destroys β-cells and increases level of glucose and decreases level of insulin.…”

“…Beta cells increase insulin secretion for maintaining normal glucose levels and the response is observed as hyperinsulinemia. Patients that hyperinsulinemia cannot maintain normoglycemia, fasting glucose and glucose tolerance are faulted 3 . Defaulted fasting glucose progresses type 2 diabetes mellitus 4 .…”

Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity

“…An earlier study showed that insulin and C-peptide levels were increased in obese individuals compared to lean controls and suggested obese subjects have an impaired glucose homeostasis and exhibit prediabetic factors, including hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance ( 26 – 29 ). Glucagon levels were elevated in obese individuals ( 26 ).…”

Serum metabolomic biomarkers of perceptual speed in cognitively normal and mildly impaired subjects with fasting state stratification

“…In addition, fasting state stratification highlighted aspects of metabolism which manifest themselves uniquely in the postprandial and fasted states. Indeed, while fasted serum has been a source of many markers for metabolic diseases 36 , individual responses to a meal can carry information regarding metabolic flexibility 37 , prediabetes state 38 or postprandial inflammation 39 . To our knowledge, the issue of the mixed population of fasted and non-fasted subjects in the biobanked samples has not been previously addressed.…”