Potency of Commercial Rabies Vaccine Used in Man

Dean, D. J.; Sherman, Inez

doi:10.2307/4591604

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, a combination of interferon and subsequent active antibody comparable to that found here could be produced by administering exogenous interferon, or inducing interferon, before giving one of the more potent human vaccines, such as those prepared from human diploid cells (Wiktor, Plotkin & Grella, 1973;Cabasso et al 1974) or suckling mouse brains (Fuenzalida, 1972 ). Since these newly developed vaccines commonly have an antigenic value of 3 to 3o times that of the currently used duck embryo vaccine (Dean & Sherman, 1962), a shorter regimen of only two to five doses should be enough to induce a comparable level of neutralizing antibody. The efficacy of such a combination of interferon and vaccine has recently been shown in mice by Harmon & Janis (1975): in post-exposure studies, the administration of poly(ri), poly(rC) together with one dose of human diploid vaccine was more effective than poly(rI), poly(rC) alone, while vaccine alone was without effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model for Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis: The Comparative Efficacy of Two Vaccines and of Antiserum Administration

Baer¹,

Yager²

1977

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYMice challenged with rabies virus were vaccinated 24 h later with one of two types of rabies vaccine. Vaccine prepared from a BHK cell substrate resulted in the production of serum interferon and neutralizing antibody, whereas vaccine prepared from a human diploid cell substrate gave rise to neutralizing antibody but no interferon. Only the first vaccine was effective in reducing mortality.Various combinations of mouse hyperimmune antiserum, purified igG, complement and RNase were administered to other groups of mice challenged with rabies, but these had no significant effect on their survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model for Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis: The Comparative Efficacy of Two Vaccines and of Antiserum Administration

Baer¹,

Yager²

1977

Journal of General Virology

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“…The importance of virus-neutralizing antibody in brains of mice in one model of sickness with recovery, but not the other, is perplexing. This difference might be explained by the genetic constitution of the host in that it has been shown that immunized substrains of outbred Swiss mice vary in their resistance to rabies virus (13,14). Furthermore, greater vaccine protection has been obtained in Swiss than non-Swiss mice (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic control of resistance to street rabies virus in mice.

Lodmell¹

1983

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Resistance to intraperitoneally inoculated street rabies virus (SRV) in mice was shown to be under genetic control. SJL/J, CBA/J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cAn mice were resistant, whereas A/WySn/J and A.SW/SnJ mice were susceptible. In addition, female mice of the resistant BALB/cAn and DBA/2J strains were more resistant than their male counterparts. Resistance was not controlled solely by the major histocompatibility locus because susceptible A.SW/SnJ and resistant SJL/J mice have the same H-2S haplotype. Challenge of F1 hybrids produced by crossing resistant and susceptible strains indicated resistance was dominant (97% survivors). Inoculation of backcross mice produced by mating F1 hybrids with susceptible parents showed that one and/or two genes controlled susceptibility. Furthermore, inoculation of SRV obtained from six different animals indicated that differences in strain susceptibilities were not dependent on the SRV isolate. Genetic control of resistance to SRV was, however, abrogated by intracerebral inoculation of virus. Resistant strains of mice were detected that either remained asymptomatic or, in contrast, developed signs of clinical disease, but disease failed to progress and they survived. The recognition of resistant and susceptible strains of mice, differences in female-male resistance within the same resistant strain, as well as dissimilar clinical responses in different resistant mouse strains to intraperitoneally inoculated SRV provide promising probes for investigation of host resistance and mechanisms for survival after onset of clinical rabies.

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“…Since the discovery of interferon (IFN) and its potent antiviral effect, several experiments have been carried out in vitro and in various animal models, to evaluate the potential use of this molecule for combating rabies infection. These studies were also prompted by failures of PEP with antirabies vaccines developed in the 1970s and 1980s, as a possible way to increase the level of protection provided [170][171].…”

Section: Interferons and Interferon-inducing Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Rabies Encephalitis Prevention and Treatment: Progress Since Pasteurs Discovery

Dacheux¹,

Delmas²,

Bourhy

2011

IDDT

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Rabies remains one of the most ancient and deadly of human infectious diseases. This viral zoonosis is transmitted principally by the saliva of infected dogs, inducing a form of encephalomyelitis that is almost invariably fatal. Since the first implementation, by Louis Pasteur in 1885, of an efficient preventive post-exposure treatment, more effective protocols and safer products have been developed, providing almost 100% protection if administered early enough. However, this disease still represents a major, but neglected public health problem, with an estimated 55,000 human deaths due to rabies reported each year, mostly in Africa and Asia. Once the first clinical signs appear, there is no effective treatment. A ray of hope emerged in 2004, with the report of a patient recovering from rabies after aggressive, innovative treatment. However, this case was not clearly reproduced and the identification of targets for antiviral treatment in cases of rabies infection remains a major challenge. In this context, this review presents the state-of-the art in the prevention and curative treatment of human rabies. We begin by describing the viral etiological agent and the disease it causes, to provide an essential background to rabies. An overview of the post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies in humans is then given, from its initial implementation to possible future developments. Finally, an analysis of the various antiviral compounds tested in rabies in vitro, in animal models or in humans is presented, focusing in particular on potential new strategies.

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Potency of Commercial Rabies Vaccine Used in Man

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

A Mouse Model for Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis: The Comparative Efficacy of Two Vaccines and of Antiserum Administration

A Mouse Model for Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis: The Comparative Efficacy of Two Vaccines and of Antiserum Administration

Genetic control of resistance to street rabies virus in mice.

Human Rabies Encephalitis Prevention and Treatment: Progress Since Pasteurs Discovery

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