Potential Dermal Exposure in greenhouses for manual sprayers: Analysis of the mix/load, application and re-entry stages

Ramos, Laura M.; Querejeta, Giselle Andrea; Flores, Andrea P.; Hughes, Enrique A.; Zalts, Anita; Montserrat, Javier M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.020

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For dermal absorption, 10% of dermal absorption (Choi et al, 2006;Hughes et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2012;Ramos et al, 2010) and 10% of cloth penetration (Choi et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2012) were assumed, while 100% penetration was applied for inhalation (Kim et al, 2012;Oliveira and Machado-Neto, 2003). When no inhalation data was available, Huges et al (2008) assumed a dermal exposure of 1%.…”

Section: Mos and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operators, who handle and apply pesticides in fields, can be exposed to pesticides during mixing/loading and spraying in apple orchard. Safety and health of operators during mixing/loading and application is a major concerned in agricultural activities (Ramos et al, 2010) because direct contact with pesticides by operators who handle and apply these agents can lead to harmful effects depending on the toxicity of pesticides. In orchards, 64.6% of famers prefer to use speed sprayers than power sprayers for the application of pesticides (Hong et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure and Risk Assessment of Operators to Insecticide Acetamiprid during Treatment on Apple Orchard

Kim¹,

Moon²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology

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Abstract. Occupational exposure and risk assessment were conducted to evaluate the safety of operators when insecticide acetamiprid was applied to apple orchard using a speed sprayer. Dermal patches, cotton gloves, socks, and masks were used to monitor the dermal exposure, and personal air pump with solid sorbent was used to measure the potential inhalation exposure. In validation to analytical methods, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.25 ng and 1 ng, respectively. Good reproducibility (coefficient variation < 4%), linearity (coefficient determination > 0.999), and recovery (85.3-118.2%) were obtained. Trapping efficiency of solid sorbent was 96.4% while breakthrough did not occur. Only hand exposure was measured on the gloves during mixing/loading to give 33-1,132 μg. Exposure amount of operator 3 among 4 workers was noticeably high. The total volumes of spray liquid for operators were 535-1,235 mL·h -1 , corresponding to 0.03-0.08% of the applied spray solution. Highest contaminated parts of body were thighs, chest, and lower legs. The inhalation exposure ratio to the total application amount was significantly low. However, wind seemed to affect the inhalation exposure of operator. For risk assessment, margin of safety was calculated by the application of cloth and dermal penetration rate to obtain values of much larger than 1 in all cases. Therefore, health risk of operators during treatment of acetamiprid in apple orchard could be of least possibility.Additional key words: dermal exposure, inhalation exposure, margin of safety

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Section: Mos and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Operators to Insecticide Acetamiprid during Treatment on Apple Orchard

Kim¹,

Moon²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology

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“…농작업자의 영농 활동 중 농약의 조제, 살포, 수확 등의 여러 작업 상황에서 신체부위를 통한 농약의 접촉을 농약노 출(pesticide exposure)이라 한다 (Crosby, 1998;Ramwell et al, 2006;Ramos et al, 2010. 농약과 농 작업자의 직접적인 접촉은 농작업자의 건강 위해성을 초래 할 수 있고, 이러한 위해성은 농약의 독성과 노출량에 따라 달라진다 (Turnbull, 1985).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

“…호흡노출은 피부노출에 비해 대개 0.0-9.1% 이하로 그 양 이 적지만 (Culver et al, 1956;Miller et al, 1980;WHO, 1982;Wojeck et al, 1983;USEPA, 1996;Capri et al, 1999;Oliveira and Machado-Neto, 2003;Choi et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2011 a,b ;Kim et al, 2012 a,b ; Choi and Moon, 2013;Moon et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014), 노출량 100% 가 몸에 흡수되는 것으로 가정하기 때문에 (Fenske and Day JR, 2005;Worgan, 2005, Kim et al, 2011 a, Choi and Moon, 2013;Moon et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014) 위해평가 과정에서 기여도가 높으며, 특히 시설 재배 와 실내와 같은 밀폐된 공간에서의 농약 살포 시 호흡노출 은 매우 중요하다 (Castro Cano et al, 2000;Machera et al, 2003;Byoun et al, 2005;Ramos et al, 2010;Choi and Moon, 2013;Kim et al, 2014;An et al, 2015).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2015

The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science

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An IOM sampler equipped with glass fiber filter has been recently utilized instead of solid adsorbent, which was used to measure the inhalation exposure of agricultural operator to pesticides. The aim of this study is to validate the efficacy of an IOM sampler by measuring the trapping efficiency and breakthrough using kresoxim-methyl water-dispersible granule and fenthion emulsifiable concentrate. On LC-MS/MS, minimum detection level was 12.5 pg and method limit of detection was 5.0 ng/mL. Good linearity (R 2 > 0.999) for matrix matched standards was obtained. Recoveries of pesticides from glass fiber filter were 102-109% (kresoxim-methyl) and 97-104% (fenthion) while those from XAD-2 resin were 94-98% (kresoxim methyl) and 93-100% (fenthion). Trapping efficiency test was performed with personal air pumps and IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) connected with solid adsorbent (XAD-2 resin) with two types of formulation (solid and liquid) which were diluted by standard rate and sprayed to IOM sampler. Those pesticides were trapped only in glass fiber filter without any breakthrough to solid adsorbent. After spiking of pesticides to glass fiber filter, breakthrough test was carried out with IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) which was connected with solid adsorbent. As a results, 87-101% of kresoxim-methyl and 96-105% of fenthion remained in spiked glass fiber filter, however, no pesticides were detected in second glass fiber filter and solid adsorbent. In conclusion, IOM sampler which equipped with glass fiber filter can be applied widely for pesticide inhalation exposure study since it has good trapping efficiency and adsorption capacity, regardless of the solid or liquid formulation.

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“…Na vestimenta também pode se quantificar o praguicida, a vestimenta pode servir como um reservatório de praguicida, e este trabalhador passa o dia todo com a mesma vestimenta que utilizou para realizar a pulverização (RAMOS et al, 2010) Conforme as Figuras 51, 52, 53 e 54 ilustram as partes mais expostas da pele durante o processo de pulverização foram: na parte frontal, ombro direito, antebraço direito, braço esquerdo, mão esquerda e coxa esquerda; na vestimenta foram na região frontal: abdômen direito, coxa direita e perna esquerda, e na parte costal foi a coxa direita. As regiões expostas têm relação com a maneira como o praguicida é pulverizado.…”

Section: Resultados Das Coletasunclassified

Avaliação da exposição ocupacional a praguicidas organofosforados em estufas de flores na região do Alto Tietê - São Paulo

Colasso¹

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Potential Dermal Exposure in greenhouses for manual sprayers: Analysis of the mix/load, application and re-entry stages

Cited by 68 publications

References 13 publications

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Operators to Insecticide Acetamiprid during Treatment on Apple Orchard

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Operators to Insecticide Acetamiprid during Treatment on Apple Orchard

Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

Avaliação da exposição ocupacional a praguicidas organofosforados em estufas de flores na região do Alto Tietê - São Paulo

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