Potential for Persistence of Genes Escaped from Canola: Germination Cues in Crop, Wild, and Crop-Wild Hybrid Brassica rapa

Adler, Lynn S.; Wikler, Karen; Wyndham, F. S.; Linder, C. Randal; Schmitt, Johanna

doi:10.2307/2390196

Cited by 75 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The high potential for premature germination in crop-produced seed suggests why seed-mediated gene fl ow likely plays a minor role in introgression of crop alleles into wild populations (but see Reagon and Snow, 2006 ). While laboratory studies by Adler et al (1993) and Linder (1998) fi rst suggested links between maternal effects, seed banks, and crop-wild hybridization, our work adds to the few fi eld studies that advance our understanding of these topics (e.g., Rose, predictive of seedling sizes, with BC(F1) and F2 cross types producing the tallest seedlings ( Fig. 3A ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many seed and seedlings studies are conducted in the laboratory or greenhouse (e.g., Adler et al, 1993 ;Linder, 1998 ), or in the fi eld but having bypassed the overwintering of seeds ( Mercer et al, 2006b ;Sahoo et al, 2010 ) (but see Campbell and Waser, 2001 ;Marques et al, 2011 ). Researchers also often increase the odds of successfully establishing a fi eld experiment by watering, weeding, or applying pest control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Roles of maternal effects and nuclear genetic composition change across the life cycle of crop–wild hybrids

Alexander

Emry

Pace

et al. 2014

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

• Premise of the study: The fi tness of an offspring may depend on its nuclear genetic composition (via both parental genotypes) as well as on genetic maternal effects (via only the maternal parent). Understanding the relative importance of these two genetic factors is particularly important for research on crop-wild hybridization, since traits with important genetic maternal effects (e.g., seed size) often differ among crops and their relatives. We hypothesized that the effects of these genetic factors on fi tness components would change across the life cycle of hybrids. • Methods: We followed seed, plant size, and reproductive traits in fi eld experiments with wild and four crop-wild hybrids of sunfl ower ( Helianthus annuus ), which differed in nuclear genetic composition and maternal parent (wild or F1 hybrid).• Key results: We identifi ed strong genetic maternal effects for early life cycle characteristics, with seeds produced on an F1 mother having premature germination, negligible seed dormancy, and greater seedling size. Increased percentages of crop alleles also increased premature germination and reduced dormancy in seeds produced on a wild mother. For mature plants, nuclear genetic composition dominated: greater percentages of crop alleles reduced height, branching, and fecundity.• Conclusions: Particular backcrosses between hybrids and wilds may differentially facilitate movement of crop alleles into wild populations due to their specifi c features. For example, backcross seeds produced on wild mothers can persist in the seed bank, illustrating the importance of genetic maternal effects, whereas backcross individuals with either wild or F1 mothers have high fecundity, resulting from their wild-like nuclear genetic composition.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of maternal effects and nuclear genetic composition change across the life cycle of crop–wild hybrids

Alexander

Emry

Pace

et al. 2014

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The R500 genotype is a seed-oil cultivar planted in India for at least 3000 years (Prakash and Hinata 1980). Given their divergent selection histories, genetic variation segregating in the RILs may resemble that segregating in crop · wild hybrids found commonly in nature (Adler et al 1993). Moreover, these parental genotypes have contrasting life-history strategies; relative to the IMB211 parent, the R500 parent flowers later, reaches a larger size at flowering and accumulates more biomass (Edwards et al 2009;Edwards and Weinig 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Architecture of Ecophysiological and Circadian Traits in Brassica rapa

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Developmental mechanisms that enable perception of and response to the environment may enhance fitness. Ecophysiological traits typically vary depending on local conditions and contribute to resource acquisition and allocation, yet correlations may limit adaptive trait expression. Notably, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance vary diurnally, and the circadian clock, which is an internal estimate of time that anticipates diurnal light/dark cycles, may synchronize physiological behaviors with environmental conditions. Using recombinant inbred lines of Brassica rapa, we examined the quantitative-genetic architecture of ecophysiological and phenological traits and tested their association with the circadian clock. We also investigated how trait expression differed across treatments that simulated seasonal settings encountered by crops and naturalized populations. Many ecophysiological traits were correlated, and some correlations were consistent with expected biophysical constraints; for example, stomata jointly regulate photosynthesis and transpiration by affecting carbon dioxide and water vapor diffusion across leaf surfaces, and these traits were correlated. Interestingly, some genotypes had unusual combinations of ecophysiological traits, such as high photosynthesis in combination with low stomatal conductance or leaf nitrogen, and selection on these genotypes could provide a mechanism for crop improvement. At the genotypic and QTL level, circadian period was correlated with leaf nitrogen, instantaneous measures of photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance as well as with a longterm proxy (carbon isotope discrimination) for gas exchange, suggesting that gas exchange is partly regulated by the clock and thus synchronized with daily light cycles. The association between circadian rhythms and ecophysiological traits is relevant to crop improvement and adaptive evolution.

show abstract

“…Finally, hybridization may alter life-history characteristics, such as germination and dormancy, in ways that influence seedbank dynamics (Mercer et al 2006). Crop-wild hybridization in Brassica altered the responses of seeds to germination cues, which could decrease their fitness potential (Adler et al 1993). Any of these factors and interactions among them could impinge on the fitness effects of crop alleles and influence their frequencies in wild populations over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Competition on the Fitness of Wild and Crop-Wild Hybrid Sunflower From a Diversity of Wild Populations and Crop Lines

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Gene flow between crop fields and wild populations often results in hybrids with reduced fitness compared to their wild counterparts due to characteristics imparted by the crop genome. But the specifics of the evolutionary outcome of crop-wild gene flow may depend on context, varying due to local environmental conditions and genetic variation within and among wild populations and among crop lines. To evaluate context-dependence of fitness of F 1 hybrids, sunflower crop lines were crossed with nine wild populations from across the northern United States. These crop-wild hybrids and their wild counterparts were grown under agricultural conditions in the field with and without wheat competition. Hybrids were far less fecund than wild plants, yet more likely to survive to reproduce. There was considerable variability among wild populations for fecundity and the specific crop line used to generate the cropwild hybrid significantly affected fecundity. The fitness deficit suffered by crop-wild hybrids varied by population, as did the rankings of the crop-wild hybrids from three different crop lines. Wheat competition decreased fecundity and survival considerably and hampered seed production of wild plants more than that of hybrids. Genotype ϫ environment interactions indicated that the response of fitness to competition differed by population. Consequently, the fitness of hybrids relative to wild plants varied considerably among wild populations and was not consistent across environments. Notably, relative fitness of hybrids was greater under competitive conditions. This research is the first study of its kind to demonstrate that the consequences of crop-wild gene flow are context dependent and contingent on the genetics of the specific wild populations and the local biotic and abiotic conditions.

show abstract

Potential for Persistence of Genes Escaped from Canola: Germination Cues in Crop, Wild, and Crop-Wild Hybrid Brassica rapa

Cited by 75 publications

References 33 publications

Roles of maternal effects and nuclear genetic composition change across the life cycle of crop–wild hybrids

Roles of maternal effects and nuclear genetic composition change across the life cycle of crop–wild hybrids

The Genetic Architecture of Ecophysiological and Circadian Traits in Brassica rapa

Effects of Competition on the Fitness of Wild and Crop-Wild Hybrid Sunflower From a Diversity of Wild Populations and Crop Lines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About