Potential methanol toxicity and the importance of using a standardised alcohol-based hand rub formulation in the era of COVID-19

Dear, Kate; Grayson, Lindsay; Nixon, Rosemary

doi:10.1186/s13756-020-00788-5

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, these products may contain unacceptable active ingredients (eg methanol) other than the recommended alcohols (ethanol or isopropyl alcohol) that can be toxic to consumers because of respiratory and dermal exposure and may cause even death if swallowed. 6,9 The Food and Drug Administration had reported the presence of some methanol containing hand sanitizer products in the United States market. 26 Cases of methanol poisoning in the era of COVID-19 pandemic were indicated elsewhere 9,27-29 which created an additional burden for the health care system and caused people fatality.…”

Section: Hand Sanitizers Marketed In the Streets Of Addis Ababa: Do Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WHO recommends incorporating glycerol in the ABHRs to protect skin from dryness and contact dermatitis with repeated use. 6,22 Consumers are raising the issue of skin dryness after using ABHRs obtained from the streets of the city. Even though these products are claimed to be hand sanitizers, there are no guarantees on the incorporation of other functional ingredients, like glycerol and hydrogen peroxide, to the preparation other than the alcohol.…”

Section: Hand Sanitizers Marketed In the Streets Of Addis Ababa: Do Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 When access to handwashing facilities is limited or water sources are insufficient, alcohol-based handrubs (ABHRs) offer a convenient, effective, and relatively low-cost alternative worldwide, especially for developing countries. [4][5][6] Use of hand sanitizers as preventive measures is advocated by governments and health officials in the globe to combat the disease. 7 Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer products that contain at least 60% ethyl alcohol (ethanol) or 70% isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) in community settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] Consequently, there has been a surge in the production of large quantities of ABHR products by various companies and attempting to respond to the unprecedented demand which may also be associated with some potential risks. 6 Assuring the quality of these products will enhance compliance of healthcare providers and other individuals to these products and contributes in the containment of COVID-19 and other infections. Similarly, a rush in the production of sanitizers has been also observed in Ethiopia in the era of COVID-19 especially in the capital city, Addis Ababa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

<p>Hand Sanitizers Marketed in the Streets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in the Era of COVID-19: A Quality Concern</p>

Selam¹

2020

RMHP

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Hand hygiene is one of the least expensive measures proven to be effective in preventing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). When access to handwashing facilities is limited, hand sanitizers offer a viable alternative for hand hygiene. Since the appearance of the first case of COVID-19 in Ethiopia, the demand for hand sanitizers, especially alcohol-based handrubs (ABHRs), was found to be increased. In the country, more than 100 manufacturers are engaged in the production of ABHRs. Besides, there are similar products without labels available for sale in the streets of Addis Ababa for which their nature and source are not clearly known. Generally, hand sanitizers marketed in the streets of the city are against the country's regulatory requirement. The Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority should inspect manufacturers regularly and evaluate the quality of hand sanitizers in the market, especially those obtained from the streets of the city, and take appropriate measures on those products and manufacturers which fail to meet the regulatory requirements.

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Section: Hand Sanitizers Marketed In the Streets Of Addis Ababa: Do Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hand Sanitizers Marketed In the Streets Of Addis Ababa: Do Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

<p>Hand Sanitizers Marketed in the Streets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in the Era of COVID-19: A Quality Concern</p>

Selam¹

2020

RMHP

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“…The need by ABHS manufacturers to avoid methanol and methylated spirits containing methanol is critical [60]. Notably, the addition of denaturing agents to ABHS is a critical aspect of reducing the risk of their oral ingestion.…”

Section: Abhs Ingestion (Accidental and Intentional)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers – A Multidimensional Perspective

Nyamwweya¹,

Abuga²

2020

Preprint

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The global use of alcohol based hand sanitizers (ABHS) as a means of controlling the transmission of infectious disease increased dramatically in 2020 as governments and public health agencies across the world advocated hand hygiene as a preventative measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the performance of these products is most commonly defined as a function of their alcohol concentration, they are multifaceted products in which an interplay of several factors is important in determining efficacy. The hand sanitizer tetrahedron, is a novel concept that considers both ABHS formulation factors and product performance factors from a multi-dimensional perspective. The four faces of the tetrahedron represent input/formulation factors: 1) the type and amount of alcohol, 2) inactive ingredients, 3) the type of formulation/delivery system and 4) manufacturing practices. The four corners of the tetrahedron represent output/product performance factors: 1) efficacy, 2) sensory characteristics, 3) usage, usability and compliance and 4) product safety/adverse effects. All factors are of importance to ensuring the effectiveness and utility of these products.

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Alcohol‐based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID‐19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety

et al. 2022

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Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) containing ethanol (EtOH) or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to inactivate microorganisms help prevent the spread of respiratory diseases. These products have become very popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from vaccines or other preventative antiseptic measures, the majority of consumers have relied on different types of ABHSs to disinfect their hands. As a result, there has been a global rush in the demand for these ABHSs and other antiseptic hygiene products. This has resulted in the formation of many new commercial sanitizer producers. There are around fifty companies of varying sizes that have been marketing their ABHSs in Bangladesh, most of which have only been manufacturing their products for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. To monitor the quality and components of these products, the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) analyzed approximately 200 different hand sanitizer samples using GC-FID method. All samples were alcohol-based except for 3 which were alcohol-free aqueous hand sanitizers. Of the supplied formulated ABHSs, 80 samples were found to contain only IPA and 54 contained only EtOH. However, 28 samples were found to be contaminated with methanol (MeOH), 7 samples contained only MeOH and 18 samples contained both EtOH and IPA. This is the first study to explore the analysis of alcohol content in formulated ABHSs and their marketing status in Bangladesh, but the findings could be of use in other jurisdictions as similar issues have been raised in many parts of the world.

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Potential methanol toxicity and the importance of using a standardised alcohol-based hand rub formulation in the era of COVID-19

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

<p>Hand Sanitizers Marketed in the Streets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in the Era of COVID-19: A Quality Concern</p>

<p>Hand Sanitizers Marketed in the Streets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in the Era of COVID-19: A Quality Concern</p>

Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers – A Multidimensional Perspective

Alcohol‐based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID‐19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety

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