Potential of a Hydrometallurgical Recycling Process for Catalysts to Cover the Demand for Critical Metals, Like PGMs and Cerium

Steinlechner, Stefan; Antrekowitsch, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/s11837-014-1263-x

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A few publications cited above actually aim to achieve the separation of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) [9,13], but the co-existence of Pt and Pd in catalysts urban mining is nevertheless becoming rare. The most recent automotive catalysts mainly contain Pd [4], and its mixtures with Rh are now less frequent. Additionally, industrial catalysts do not usually mix Pt and Pd.…”

Section: Commercial Extractantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review published in 2016 by the group summarizes and discusses the most relevant information collected about the subject [65]. Some of the developed thiacalixarene derivatives revealed promising extractive and selective properties toward Pd(II) recovery, both of the thiacalix [4]arene and thiacalix [6]arene types. More recently, this group published an additional work where they report the synthesis of three p-dialkylaminomethylcalix [4]arenes and their systematic liquid-liquid extraction study prior to their application to the treatment of automobile catalyst leaching solutions.…”

Section: Extractants Containing Other Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent ore exhaustion due to current and short-term PGMs demand, and to contribute for the environmental preservation of the planet, the development of recycling practices applied to end-of-life materials containing PGMs (so-called urban mining) is compulsory. The economic factors cannot be neglected as well [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Paiva

2017

Metals

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Electrical and electronics equipment and automotive and industrial catalysts are some examples of top technological devices whose functioning rely on the use of platinum-group metals (PGMs). The PGMs' high economic value and difficult to replace technological properties, together with their scarcity in the Earth's crust, justify concerns about their critical condition and reinforce the importance of developing recycling practices for PGM end-of-life materials. This article presents and discusses recent advances regarding the use of hydrometallurgical solvent extraction to recover one PGM, palladium, from spent catalysts. Two different tendencies are implicit in the literature concerning Pd(II) extraction: a few groups focus on the adjustment and optimization of current commercial extractants, while others prefer to design new extracting compounds. Actually, the leach solutions obtained from the treatment of anthropogenic materials generally exhibit different compositions when compared to those coming from the primary resources. The pros and cons of both approaches are critically discussed, and the assumptions backing some of the reported achievements are also appraised.

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Section: Commercial Extractantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extractants Containing Other Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Paiva

2017

Metals

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“…Cerium is the most abundant member of the lanthanide chemical series, and is used in many applications including in automotive catalytic converters, in flow battery designs, as a polishing media, and as a potential phosphor in light emitting diodes . Cerium‐based thin‐film materials as well as nanoparticles have been explored for applications in sensing, biomedicine, agriculture, and nutrient recovery .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cerium (III) ion binding to surface‐immobilized EF‐hand loop I of calmodulin

Renner

2019

Peptide Science

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Cerium has a wide range of current and emerging applications, and the binding of cerium ions to solid substrates is important for cerium recovery, or in advanced material synthesis. In this study, we investigate the affinity of a surface‐bound peptide derived from the EF‐hand loop I of calmodulin for cerium (III) ions and compare the results to a scrambled control. Results obtained via quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation are used to estimate the dissociation constant between the bound EF‐hand loop I peptide and cerium (III) ions (1.3 ± 0.1 μM), which is comparable with other dissociation constants measured for EF‐hand peptides and cerium ions in solution reported this work and in literature (0.95‐5.8 μM). Circular dichroism also suggests that the peptide binds to cerium (III) ions in solution, and undergoes a secondary structural change upon binding. Overall, this study shows that EF‐hand loop peptides are capable of binding cerium (III) ions in solution and when attached to a solid substrate.

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“…After the leaching step, several options can be considered for recovering the PGMs from the leachates, such as solvent extraction, cementation and selective precipitation. The recovery of some secondary metals co-dissolved, such as aluminum and cerium, is also an issue that has been considered, as well as the possibility of recycling the spent acidic chloride liquors to the leaching operation [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching efficiency and kinetics of the recovery of palladium and rhodium from a spent auto-catalyst in HCl/CuCl₂ media

Nogueira

Paiva

Costa

et al. 2019

Environmental Technology

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The recycling of scarce elements such as platinum-group metals is becoming crucial due to their growing importance in current and emerging applications. In this sense, the recovery of palladium and rhodium from a spent auto-catalyst by leaching in HCl/CuCl 2 media was studied, aiming at assessing the kinetic performance as well as the influence of some processing factors, and the behaviour of contaminant metals. Based on a kinetic model developed for the present case, the influence of temperature was evaluated and the corresponding values of activation energy were estimated as 60.1 ± 4.1 kJ mol −1 for Pd and 44.3 ± 7.3 kJ mol −1 for Rh, indicating the relevance of the chemical step rather than diffusion. This finding was corroborated by the nonsignificant influence of the stirring velocity. The reaction orders were estimated for each leaching reagent: for HCl, values of 2.1 ± 0.1 for Pd and 1.0 ± 0.3 for Rh were obtained; for Cu 2+, the obtained values were 0.42 ± 0.04 for Pd and 0.36 ± 0.06 for Rh. Without any significant loss of efficiency, solutions with higher metal concentrations were obtained using lower liquid/solid ratios, such as 5 L/kg. The main contaminant in solution was aluminum, and its leaching was found to be very dependent on the temperature and acid concentration.

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Potential of a Hydrometallurgical Recycling Process for Catalysts to Cover the Demand for Critical Metals, Like PGMs and Cerium

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Characterization of cerium (III) ion binding to surface‐immobilized EF‐hand loop I of calmodulin

Leaching efficiency and kinetics of the recovery of palladium and rhodium from a spent auto-catalyst in HCl/CuCl₂ media

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Potential of a Hydrometallurgical Recycling Process for Catalysts to Cover the Demand for Critical Metals, Like PGMs and Cerium

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Characterization of cerium (III) ion binding to surface‐immobilized EF‐hand loop I of calmodulin

Leaching efficiency and kinetics of the recovery of palladium and rhodium from a spent auto-catalyst in HCl/CuCl2 media

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Leaching efficiency and kinetics of the recovery of palladium and rhodium from a spent auto-catalyst in HCl/CuCl₂ media