Potential of condensed tannins for the reduction of emissions of enteric methane and their effect on ruminant productivity

Abstract

Potencial de los taninos condensados para reducir las emisiones de metano entérico y sus efectos en producción de rumiantes RESUMENEl metano (CH 4 ) es un gas subproducto de la fermentación de los carbohidratos en el rumen. La agricultura contribuye con el 47% de las emisiones antropogénicas de CH 4 , siendo los rumiantes responsables del 39% de las emisiones de metano entérico. Este gas de efecto invernadero (GEI) tiene un potencial de calentamiento global 25 veces más que el CO 2 y representa una pérdida de hasta el 12% de la energía total consumida por los rumiantes. Este trabajo describe los mecanismos de acción de los taninos condensados contenidos en follajes y frutos y su efecto en los microbios del rumen, así como su potencial en la mitigación de las emisiones de CH 4 . Los hallazgos sugieren que los taninos condensados reducen la población de protozoos hasta 79%, reduciendo además los metanogenos del rumen hasta en 33%. Los taninos condensados se unen a proteínas y polisacáridos formando complejos, reduciendo así la digestibilidad de la metería seca y orgánica y la producción de H 2 metabólico, el que es usado por metanogenos para la reducción del CO 2 a CH 4 . Estudios in vitro sugieren que los taninos condensados pueden reducir el CH 4 en el rumen hasta 63%, mientras que in vivo se han registrado reducciones hasta 58% en la producción de CH 4 . Además, la incorporación de taninos condensados en la ración de rumiantes tiene el potencial de aumentar la ganancia de peso en 26%, relacionando esto al aumento en el flujo de proteína de baja degradación ruminal al intestino delgado o la reducción de la energía perdida en forma de CH 4 en el rumen. Se concluye que la incorporación de taninos condensados en la ración de los rumiantes en concentración de 3-6% de materia seca puede reducir las emisiones de CH 4 así como mejorar la ganancia de peso y producción de leche de los animales productivos.Palabras clave: metano, gas de efecto invernadero, taninos condensados, leguminosas tropicales. SUMMARYMethane (CH 4 ) gas is a by-product of anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates in the rumen of ruminant species. Agriculture contributes with 47% of anthropogenic emissions of CH 4 , being the ruminants responsible for 39% of enteric emissions of CH 4 . This greenhouse gas (GHG) has twenty-five times higher global warming potential than CO 2 and represents a loss of up to 12% of the gross energy consumed by ruminants. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms of action of condensed tannins contained in foliage of trees and shrubs, and their effect on rumen microbes, as well as their potential for mitigation of CH 4 emissions. The findings suggest that condensed tannins reduce protozoa population up to 79% and along with this, rumen methanogens are decreased by up to 33%. Condensed tannins bounded to proteins and polysaccharides of the ration form complexes which reduce digestibility of dry and organic matter and production of metabolic H 2 , used by methanogens to reduce CO 2 to CH 4. In vitro studies sugge...

Effects of different levels of lespedeza and supplementation with monensin, coconut oil, or soybean oil on ruminal methane emission by mature Boer goat wethers after different lengths of feeding

“…Only results of Animut et al (2008b) suggested that negative effects of CT on activity of non-methanogenic bacteria, particularly fibrolytics, to lessen hydrogen availability to methanogens and indirectly lessen methane production. Findings of studies of Animut et al (2008aAnimut et al ( , 2008b were strongly indicative and some of Puchala et al (2012b) and the Puchala et al (2012a) experiment with fresh forage were somewhat supportive of decreased methane emission via direct effects of CT on the number and (or) activity of protozoa, thus with indirect effect by impacting hydrogen availability to symbiotic methanogens in physical association with methanogens (Piñeiro-Vázquez et al 2015;Tapio et al 2017). Hence, it is conceivable that effects of supplemental concentrate in the present experiment on the number and(or) activity of protozoa influenced impact of lespedeza CT on ruminal methane emission, and the same is possible for effects of monensin, coconut oil, and soybean oil as well.…”

Activity, Purification, and Analysis of Condensed Tannins: Current State of Affairs and Future Endeavors

“…How does the presence of other forage compounds (carbohydrates and lipids) effect CT-protein interactions and precipitation. There have been a number of studies conducted on how CTs affect rumen bacteria and protozoa populations (McSweeney et al, 2001;Sivakumaran et al, 2004;Smith et al, 2005;Benchaar et al, 2008;Tan et al, 2011;Piñeiro-Vázquez et al, 2015) and biohydrogenation (Khiaosa-Ard et al, 2009;Vasta et al, 2009;Costa et al, 2017). Some research has been conducted on how carbohydrates present in the digesta may affect CT-protein complex formation and utilization Liang et al, 2013;Barros et al, 2014).…”

Effect of tannins and monensin on feeding behaviour, feed intake, digestive parameters and microbial efficiency of nellore cows

“…Gerlach et al (2018a) did not observe any effect of tannins on the digestibility of the concentrate OM when the tannin content was 1%, but it reduced drastically when the content was 3% (À21%) and 5% (À28%). The effect of tannins on reducing DMI is generally by rumen physical filling and is attributed to the fact that tannins depress fibre digestion by forming complexes with lignocellulose and hence prevent microbial digestion (Piñeiro-V azquez et al 2015), either by direct inhibition of cellulolytic microorganisms or fibrolytic enzymatic activity or both (Patra and Saxena 2011).…”

“…There appear to be no studies which evaluated the possibility of interaction between monensin and tannins in ruminants. Although they have different mechanisms of action, these additives separately reduce rumen protein degradability (Russel and Strobel 1989;Ruiz et al 2001;Piñeiro-V azquez et al 2015;Addisu 2016). Some authors such as Seo et al (2010) report that the high rate of rumen protein degradation reduces the efficiency of protein utilisation because there is generally no simultaneous availability (synchronisation) of enough energy for microbial protein synthesis.…”