Potencial de los taninos condensados para reducir las emisiones de metano entérico y sus efectos en producción de rumiantes RESUMENEl metano (CH 4 ) es un gas subproducto de la fermentación de los carbohidratos en el rumen. La agricultura contribuye con el 47% de las emisiones antropogénicas de CH 4 , siendo los rumiantes responsables del 39% de las emisiones de metano entérico. Este gas de efecto invernadero (GEI) tiene un potencial de calentamiento global 25 veces más que el CO 2 y representa una pérdida de hasta el 12% de la energía total consumida por los rumiantes. Este trabajo describe los mecanismos de acción de los taninos condensados contenidos en follajes y frutos y su efecto en los microbios del rumen, así como su potencial en la mitigación de las emisiones de CH 4 . Los hallazgos sugieren que los taninos condensados reducen la población de protozoos hasta 79%, reduciendo además los metanogenos del rumen hasta en 33%. Los taninos condensados se unen a proteínas y polisacáridos formando complejos, reduciendo así la digestibilidad de la metería seca y orgánica y la producción de H 2 metabólico, el que es usado por metanogenos para la reducción del CO 2 a CH 4 . Estudios in vitro sugieren que los taninos condensados pueden reducir el CH 4 en el rumen hasta 63%, mientras que in vivo se han registrado reducciones hasta 58% en la producción de CH 4 . Además, la incorporación de taninos condensados en la ración de rumiantes tiene el potencial de aumentar la ganancia de peso en 26%, relacionando esto al aumento en el flujo de proteína de baja degradación ruminal al intestino delgado o la reducción de la energía perdida en forma de CH 4 en el rumen. Se concluye que la incorporación de taninos condensados en la ración de los rumiantes en concentración de 3-6% de materia seca puede reducir las emisiones de CH 4 así como mejorar la ganancia de peso y producción de leche de los animales productivos.Palabras clave: metano, gas de efecto invernadero, taninos condensados, leguminosas tropicales. SUMMARYMethane (CH 4 ) gas is a by-product of anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates in the rumen of ruminant species. Agriculture contributes with 47% of anthropogenic emissions of CH 4 , being the ruminants responsible for 39% of enteric emissions of CH 4 . This greenhouse gas (GHG) has twenty-five times higher global warming potential than CO 2 and represents a loss of up to 12% of the gross energy consumed by ruminants. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms of action of condensed tannins contained in foliage of trees and shrubs, and their effect on rumen microbes, as well as their potential for mitigation of CH 4 emissions. The findings suggest that condensed tannins reduce protozoa population up to 79% and along with this, rumen methanogens are decreased by up to 33%. Condensed tannins bounded to proteins and polysaccharides of the ration form complexes which reduce digestibility of dry and organic matter and production of metabolic H 2 , used by methanogens to reduce CO 2 to CH 4. In vitro studies sugge...

ObjectiveThe aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of increasing amounts of Leucaena leucocephala forage on dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), enteric methane production, rumen fermentation pattern and protozoa population in cattle fed Pennisetum purpureum and housed in respiration chambers.MethodsFive crossbred heifers (Bos taurus×Bos indicus) (BW: 295±6 kg) were fed chopped P. purpureum grass and increasing levels of L. leucocephala (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of dry matter [DM]) in a 5×5 Latin square design.ResultsThe voluntary intake and methane production were measured for 23 h per day in respiration chambers; molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined at 6 h postprandial period. Molar concentration of VFAs in rumen liquor were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, methane production decreased linearly (p<0.005), recording a maximum reduction of up to ~61% with 80% of DM incorporation of L. leucocephala in the ration and no changes (p>0.05) in rumen protozoa population were found.ConclusionInclusion of 80% of L. leucocephala in the diet of heifers fed low-quality tropical forages has the capacity to reduce up to 61.3% enteric methane emission without affecting DMI, OMI, and protozoa population in rumen liquor.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannins extract (QTE) on feed intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH) emissions in cattle fed low-quality Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight (LW) of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% QTE/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Intake, digestibility, and total methane emissions (L/day) were recorded for periods of 23 h when cattle were housed in open-circuit respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were different between treatments with 0 and 4% of QTE/kg DM (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid and the molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was not affected (P < 0.05); however, the molar proportion of propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) for treatments with 3 and 4% QTE. Total CH production decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as QTE increased in the diet, particularly with 3 and 4% concentration. When expressed as DMI and OMI by CH, production (L/kg) was different between treatments with 0 vs 3 and 4% QTE (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of QTE at 2 or 3% of dry matter ration can decrease methane production up to 29 and 41%, respectively, without significantly compromising feed intake and nutrients digestibility.

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