Potencial de los taninos condensados para reducir las emisiones de metano entérico y sus efectos en producción de rumiantes RESUMENEl metano (CH 4 ) es un gas subproducto de la fermentación de los carbohidratos en el rumen. La agricultura contribuye con el 47% de las emisiones antropogénicas de CH 4 , siendo los rumiantes responsables del 39% de las emisiones de metano entérico. Este gas de efecto invernadero (GEI) tiene un potencial de calentamiento global 25 veces más que el CO 2 y representa una pérdida de hasta el 12% de la energía total consumida por los rumiantes. Este trabajo describe los mecanismos de acción de los taninos condensados contenidos en follajes y frutos y su efecto en los microbios del rumen, así como su potencial en la mitigación de las emisiones de CH 4 . Los hallazgos sugieren que los taninos condensados reducen la población de protozoos hasta 79%, reduciendo además los metanogenos del rumen hasta en 33%. Los taninos condensados se unen a proteínas y polisacáridos formando complejos, reduciendo así la digestibilidad de la metería seca y orgánica y la producción de H 2 metabólico, el que es usado por metanogenos para la reducción del CO 2 a CH 4 . Estudios in vitro sugieren que los taninos condensados pueden reducir el CH 4 en el rumen hasta 63%, mientras que in vivo se han registrado reducciones hasta 58% en la producción de CH 4 . Además, la incorporación de taninos condensados en la ración de rumiantes tiene el potencial de aumentar la ganancia de peso en 26%, relacionando esto al aumento en el flujo de proteína de baja degradación ruminal al intestino delgado o la reducción de la energía perdida en forma de CH 4 en el rumen. Se concluye que la incorporación de taninos condensados en la ración de los rumiantes en concentración de 3-6% de materia seca puede reducir las emisiones de CH 4 así como mejorar la ganancia de peso y producción de leche de los animales productivos.Palabras clave: metano, gas de efecto invernadero, taninos condensados, leguminosas tropicales. SUMMARYMethane (CH 4 ) gas is a by-product of anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates in the rumen of ruminant species. Agriculture contributes with 47% of anthropogenic emissions of CH 4 , being the ruminants responsible for 39% of enteric emissions of CH 4 . This greenhouse gas (GHG) has twenty-five times higher global warming potential than CO 2 and represents a loss of up to 12% of the gross energy consumed by ruminants. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms of action of condensed tannins contained in foliage of trees and shrubs, and their effect on rumen microbes, as well as their potential for mitigation of CH 4 emissions. The findings suggest that condensed tannins reduce protozoa population up to 79% and along with this, rumen methanogens are decreased by up to 33%. Condensed tannins bounded to proteins and polysaccharides of the ration form complexes which reduce digestibility of dry and organic matter and production of metabolic H 2 , used by methanogens to reduce CO 2 to CH 4. In vitro studies sugge...
SUMMARYPelibuey lambs have a postweaning weight gain of less than 80 g/d when they are feeding on grazing pastures. Taking this into consideration, it is important to study several additives that could optimize the lambs' growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the mineral supplementation with monensin on postweaning performance of the Pelibuey ewe lambs. Twelve Pelibuey ewe lambs (76 days old and 11.7 kg body weight) were assigned to one of two treatments (six female lambs per treatment). The treatments consisted of mineral salt with or without monensin sodium, offered ad libitum during 66 days (ten days for adaptation to growth trial and 56 days for growth trial). Each lamb was assigned to one individual pen; the experimental unit was the lamb. The average daily intake for mineral salts was 12.2 ± 0.9 g/lamb in the treatment without monensin and 2.3 ± 0.6 g/lamb in the treatment with monensin. Mineral supplementation with monensin sodium did not affect (P > 0.05) the body weight, total body weight gain, average daily body weight gain and the growth of the lambs over 15 body measures. During 56 days of this study, the lambs gained weight, 1.5 ± 0.3 kg of total body weight/lamb and 27 ± 5 g daily body weight gain/lamb. The monensin treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the daily intake of dry matter and crude protein. In Pelibuey ewe lambs fed with African Star hay, the mineral supplement with monensin sodium did not affect the average daily body weight gain nor the daily intake of dry matter and crude protein with respect to mineral supplement without monensin sodium.Palabras clave: ionóforo, suplementación mineral, ganancia de peso, trópico húmedo.
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