Potential Role of Foliar Application of Azotobacter on Growth, Nutritional Value and Quality of Lettuce under Different Nitrogen Levels

Razmjooei, Zahra; Etemadi, Mohammad; Eshghi, Saeid; Ramezanian, Asghar; Abarghuei, Faezeh Mirazimi; Alizargar, Javad

doi:10.3390/plants11030406

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Following a centrifuge stage (10,000 ×rpm, 5 min), the procedure foresees an inoculum (10 6 CFU/mL) from a fresh bacterial culture of Azotobacter sp. The suspensions were utilized to treat licorice plants (Razmjooei et al, 2022). In the case of Azotobacter treatments, the bacterial solution was sprayed on the roots of cuttings until the roots became thoroughly wet.…”

Section: Bacterial Solution Preparation and Treatments Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With prolonged salt stress, leaf senescence, chlorosis and shedding will happen. Excessive amounts of salt tend to reduce the amount of pigment (chlorophyll) in the leaves, as well as the available area for photosynthetic efficiency (Razmjooei et al, 2022). NaCl decrease the rate of photosynthetic gas exchange but enhance CO 2 assimilation, along with photosystem II [PS(II)] and photosystem I [PS(I)] activity and photochemical efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra l.) accessions under salinity stress

2022

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While salinity is increasingly becoming a prominent concern in arable farms around the globe, various treatments can be used for the mitigation of salt stress. Here, the effective presence of Azotobacter sp. inoculation (A1) and absence of inoculation (A0) was evaluated on Iranian licorice plants under NaCl stress (0 and 200 mM) (S0 and S1, respectively). In this regard, 16 Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) accessions were evaluated for the effects on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. Leaf samples were measured for photosynthetic pigments (via a spectrophotometer), stomatal and trichome-related features (via SEM), along with several other morphological and biochemical features. The results revealed an increase in the amount of carotenoids that was caused by bacterial inoculation, which was 28.3% higher than the non-inoculated treatment. Maximum initial fluorescence intensity (F0) (86.7) was observed in the ‘Bardsir’ accession. Meanwhile, the highest variable fluorescence (Fv), maximal fluorescence intensity (Fm), and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) (0.3, 0.4, and 0.8, respectively) were observed in the ‘Eghlid’ accession. Regarding anatomical observations of the leaf structure, salinity reduced stomatal density but increased trichome density. Under the effect of bacterial inoculation, salinity stress was mitigated. With the effect of bacterial inoculation under salinity stress, stomatal length and width increased, compared to the condition of no bacterial inoculation. Minimum malondialdehyde content was observed in ‘Mahabad’ accession (17.8 μmol/g FW). Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that ‘Kashmar’, ‘Sepidan’, ‘Bajgah’, ‘Kermanshah’, and ‘Taft’ accessions were categorized in the same group while being characterized by better performance in the aerial parts of plants. Taken together, the present results generally indicated that selecting the best genotypes, along with exogenous applications of Azotobacter, can improve the outcomes of licorice cultivation for industrial purposes under harsh environments.

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Section: Bacterial Solution Preparation and Treatments Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra l.) accessions under salinity stress

2022

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“…Furthermore, azotobacter strains have been shown to improve plant growth, production, and N use efficiency for horticultural crops [25,28,29]. There were significant increases in lettuce plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight when the plants were treated with biofertilizers such as the Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum [30]. Furthermore, the application of N-fixing bacteria such as Azotobacter and Beijerinckia led to an increase in protein content in the leaves of mulberry plants [28,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Bread Wheat Cultivars Inoculated with Azotobacter Species under Different Nitrogen Application Rates

et al. 2022

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A field trial was conducted to investigate the productivity of three bread wheat cultivars, namely Giza-168, Shandawel-1, and Misr-2, under different fertilization treatments, i.e., azotobacter inoculation, 25% nitrogen (N) + azotobacter, 50%N + azotobacter, 75%N + azotobacter, and 100%N of the recommended level (180 kg/ha). The treatments were laid in a split-plot design, and each was replicated three times. The findings showed that wheat cultivars examined in the two seasons exhibited significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) in plant height (PH, cm), number of tillers m−2 (NTM), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), 1000-grain weight (TGW, g), spike length (SL, cm), biological yield (BY, ton ha−1), grain yield (GY, ton ha−1), straw yield (SY, ton ha−1), harvest index (HI, %), protein content (PC, %), days to 50% heading (DTH), and chlorophyll content (CC, SPAD). As a result, Giza-168 had a higher GY (14%), HI (27%), and TGW (10%) than any of the other two cultivars in both growing seasons. Furthermore, Misr-2 exhibited the highest PH (16%), NTM (26%), NSS (28%), SL (10%), BY (30%), SY (46%), and CC (3%). The application of the two treatments of 100%N and N75% + azotobacter exhibited high and statistically similar performance, resulting in an increase in all studied traits by greater than 30–50% compared to the other three treatments. According to the findings of the current investigation, the application of N fertilizer combined with azotobacter increased wheat yield more than either solely azotobacter or N application. We concluded that the application of nitrogen combined with azotobacter reduced the quantity of applied nitrogen by 25%.

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“…An inoculum of 106 CFU/ml was generated by centrifuging the freshly developed bacterial culture at 10,000 × g for 5 min for inoculation with Azotobacter sp. The suspensions that resulted were utilized to treat licorice plants [ 32 ]. For Azotobacter treatments (A 1 ), the bacterial solution was sprayed on the roots of cuttings until the roots were completely wet and the solution was dripped from them.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial amelioration of salinity stress in endangered accessions of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

et al. 2022

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Background Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a medicinal and industrial plant that has gone extinct due to different abiotic stress caused by climate change. To understand how the plant-associated microorganism can support this plant under salinity, we collected sixteen Iranian accessions of G. glabra L., inoculated their rhizomes with Azotobacter sp. (two levels, bacterial treatments, and no-bacterial treatments, and grown them under salinity stress (NaCl levels; 0, and 200 mM). Results Two accessions of Bardsir and Bajgah significantly showed higher resistant to salinity, for example by increasing crown diameter (11.05 and 11 cm, respectively) compared to an average diameter of 9.5 in other accessions. Azotobacter inoculation caused a significant increase in plant height and crown diameter. Among studied accessions, Kashmar (46.21%) and Ilam (44.95%) had the highest rate of membrane stability index (MSI). Evaluation of enzyme activity represented that bacterial application under salinity, increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (0.21 U mg−1 protein), peroxidase (POD) (3.09 U mg−1 protein U mg−1 protein), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) (17.85 U mg−1 protein) activity. Darab accession showed the highest increase (6.45%) in antioxidant potential compared with all studied accessions under Azotobacter inoculation. According to principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that the accession of Meshkinshahr showed a more remarkable ability to activate its enzymatic defense system under salt stress. Also, three accessions of Meshkinshahr, Eghlid, and Ilam were categorized in separated clusters than other accessions regarding various studied treatments. Conclusion Analysis indicated that five accessions of Meshkinshahr, Rabt, Piranshahr, Bardsir, and Kermanshah from the perspective of induced systematic resistance are the accessions that showed a greater morphophysiological and biochemical outcome under salinity. This study suggested that, inoculation of with Azotobacter on selected accession can relieve salt stress and support industrial mass production under abiotic condition.

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Potential Role of Foliar Application of Azotobacter on Growth, Nutritional Value and Quality of Lettuce under Different Nitrogen Levels

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra l.) accessions under salinity stress

Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra l.) accessions under salinity stress

Response of Bread Wheat Cultivars Inoculated with Azotobacter Species under Different Nitrogen Application Rates

Microbial amelioration of salinity stress in endangered accessions of Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

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