Potential role of heat‐shock protein 70 and interleukin‐15 in the pathogenesis of threatened spontaneous abortions

Abstract

Downregulation of Hsc70, Hsp70, and IL-15 expression at gene and/or protein levels might support the retention of fertilization products in cases of missed abortion and blighted ovum.

Granulysin‐mediated apoptosis of trophoblasts in blighted ovum and missed abortion

“…3,17 Decidual tissue samples from normal and pathological pregnancies were washed in RPMI 1640 medium and cut into 2 × 2 mm pieces using laboratory scissors. 3,17 Decidual tissue samples from normal and pathological pregnancies were washed in RPMI 1640 medium and cut into 2 × 2 mm pieces using laboratory scissors.…”

“…Sections (6 μm) of paraffin-embedded early pregnancy decidual samples from normal and pathological pregnancies (BO and MA) were single-labeled for GNLY, Apaf-1, and NF-κB, following the protocol described previously by Gulic et al 17 Briefly, the sections were deparaffinized in Tissue Clear (Paraffin Cleaning Agent, Sakura Fintek Europe, Zoeterwoude, Netherland), hydrated in decreasing concentrations of ethanol (from 100% to 75%), and washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.05 mol/L containing 0.3 mol/L NaCl; pH 7.4) (Kemika, Zagreb, Croatia). All the incubations were performed at room temperature (RT), (22°C approximately).…”

“…The binding of antibodies to the specific binding sites was visualized The immunohistological labels were quantified using the Alphelys Spot Browser 2 integrated system (Alphelys, Plaisir, France), as described in detail in our previous study. 17 The algorithms were designed to determine the count of unstained and stained objects (cells), and the results were expressed as the arithmetic mean of the number of positive cells per mm 2 of the tissue analyzed in 12 fields (magnification 400×). Besides, the software detected objects (cells) of interest on the basis of pixel color properties (wavelength, intensity, and saturation) and the results are expressed in terms of the "H score," which represents the intensity of labeling.…”

“…15 IL-15 seems to proliferate and shape the authentic CD3 − CD16 − CD56 bright+ decidual NK cell phenotype to ensure a high expression of NKG2A + inhibitory cytotoxic receptor, which could influence the regulation of the trophoblast growth. [17][18][19] Early pathological pregnancies, blighted ovum (BO), and missed abortion (MA) represent the pregnancies with hindered development of the embryoblast or a dead embryo. [17][18][19] Early pathological pregnancies, blighted ovum (BO), and missed abortion (MA) represent the pregnancies with hindered development of the embryoblast or a dead embryo.…”

“…16 We recently reported a lower expression of IL-15 in the decidua in MA, which corresponds to a significantly lower frequency of isolated CD3 − CD56 +bright CD16 − NK cells and a diminished percentage of perforin-expressing CD56 + cells. [17][18][19] Early pathological pregnancies, blighted ovum (BO), and missed abortion (MA) represent the pregnancies with hindered development of the embryoblast or a dead embryo. Abundantly dispersed cells within the decidual stroma of pathological pregnancies are mostly cytokeratin-positive and represent the infiltrating extravillous cytotrophoblast cells, which tend to replace the epithelial and endothelial cells of decidual glands or capillaries, respectively.…”