Potentialities ofGinkgoextract on toxicants, toxins, and radiation: a critical review

Abstract

Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract against toxins, toxicants and radiations.

A critical review of ginkgolic acids inGinkgo bilobaleaf extract (EGb): toxicity and technologies to remove ginkgolic acids and their promising bioactivities

“…This is owing to the synergistic effects of two chemical groups: the significance of terpene trilactones (bilobalide and ginkgolides) and flavonoids in GB's pharmacological relevance. 1,21,82–84 According to many literary studies, Ginkgolides (terpene lactones) can fluctuate based on the technique employed. 4,11 To choose the technology that will be useful to the food and pharmaceutical industries, more research must be done on how innovations affect the pharmacological properties of GBE (such as flavonoids, ginkgolides, bilobalide, and others).…”

“…18,19 Thus, the United States, Chinese and European Pharmacopoeias in 2020 stipulated that the GAs in GBE should be less than 5 µg g −1 . 11,20,21 . GBE also contains ginkgotoxin (n-methyl-pyridoxine, MPN).…”

Ginkgols and bilobols in Ginkgo biloba L. A review of their extraction and bioactivities

“…It ought to be noted that to date, terpene trilactones (ginkgolides A, B & C and bilobalide) and flavonoids have gotten most of the attention in GB studies. In contrast, other bioactive compounds, such as ginkgols and bilobols (Figure 2), with various bioactivities such as anti‐virus, and anti‐tumor properties, have received less attention (Boateng, 2022c; Liu et al, 2021; Liu, Lu, et al, 2022). Notwithstanding these bioactivities for ginkgols and bilobols, there is no review of these bioactive compounds in GB.…”

A bibliometric and thematic analysis of the trends in the research on ginkgo biloba extract from 1985 to 2022

“…It is extensively used for treating dementia, ischemic stroke, detoxification, female reproduction, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, delirium, and tinnitus [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ]. Furthermore, GBE has become one of the best-selling drugs in the world due to its extensive therapeutic application, rapid onset of action, reliable efficacy, low toxicity, and ease of obtaining [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] ]. Although GBE is the most popular and classical herbal medicine, it is still highly controversial for its neuroprotective function, which mainly prevents dementia [ 15 ] and adverse side effects such as spontaneous bleeding, allergenic reaction, and herb-drug interaction [ 10 , 11 , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ].…”

“…There was even a growing trend in use during the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic due to GBE could be beneficial for coronavirus COVID-19 infections [ 23 ]. Although serial reviews of GBE have been published, they all focus on a specific research direction or lack quantitative analysis [ 3 , 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 18 , 19 , 22 , 23 ].…”