Poverty, Parenting, Peer, and Neighborhood Influences on Young Adolescent Antisocial Behavior

Is Parental Knowledge of their Adolescent Offspring’s Whereabouts and Peer Associations Spuriously Associated with Offspring Delinquency?

“…Another longitudinal study also found that greater parental knowledge at age 11 independently predicted delinquency at 13 years when delinquency at 11 years was controlled, but the effect was significantly stronger among youth living in neighborhoods with high residential instability (Beyers et al 2003). Similarly, parental knowledge at 10-12 years was found to predict youth-reported delinquency at 12-14 years, controlling for delinquency at 10-12 years and demographic characteristics (Eamon 2001). Other existing longitudinal studies of parental knowledge and delinquency over time tested sophisticated path-analytic models, in which it was not possible to determine if time 1 parental knowledge independently predicted time 2 delinquency when earlyadolescent delinquency was controlled (Fletcher et al 2004;Jang and Smith 1997;Laird et al 2003;Reitz et al 2007).…”

Do the Predictors of Child Conduct Problems Vary by High- and Low-Levels of Socioeconomic and Neighborhood Risk?

“…The decision to combine economic and community variables was made because they generally correlate to a higher degree (Eamon, 2001;Simons, Lin, Gordon, Brody, & Conger, 2002), and because there are a limited number of studies available on how economic and community variables each independently interact with other CP risk factors. Most researchers who study economic and community stressors are concerned with what mediates their relations with CP instead of how they interact with other CP risk factors.…”

“…Interactions were detected in 39 of the 44 family studies for at least one measure of familial and SN risk. Twenty-three of the 39 studies that uncovered interactions indicated that familial risk factors were more detrimental in environments characterized by high-SN risk, nine indicated the reverse (Coley & Hoffman, 1996;Coley, Morris, & Hernandez, 2004;Eamon, 2001;Furstenberg, Cook, Eccles, Elder, & Sameroff, 1999;Gorman-Smith et al, 1999;Kierkus & Baer, 2003;McCarthy, Gersten, & Langner, 1982;Miller, Wasserman, Neugebauer, Gorman-Smith, & Kamboukos, 1999;Simons et al, 2002), and seven were supportive of both positions for various subpopulations or measures (Austin, 1978;Berger & Simon, 1974;Eisenberg, Langner, & Gersten, 1975;Gorman-Smith et al, 2000;Lamborn, Dornbusch, & Steinberg, 1996;Shaw, Criss, Schonberg, & Beck, 2004;Williams, Bean, & Curtis, 1970). Interestingly, seven of the nine studies that reported weaker effects in settings with high-levels of SN risk and four of the seven studies that were supportive of both positions for some measures or subpopulations demonstrated restricted range for SN risk.…”

“…It should also be noted that two of the studies that found that familial risk factors matter more in environments with low-SN risk focused on how environment type and parental use of physical discipline interact (Eamon, 2001;Simons et al, 2002). This is intriguing because existing research suggests that moderate physical discipline is unrelated to adjustment among African American youth (DeaterDeckard et al, 1996), and higher percentage of African Americans live in disadvantaged communities than Caucasians (Ingoldbsy & Shaw, 2002;Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000).…”

Predictors of Adolescent Sexual Intentions and Behavior: Attitudes, Parenting, and Neighborhood Risk

“…Certain types of parenting practices have been shown to be more effective in high risk neighborhoods; notably, research has found that authoritarian parenting practices including physical punishment, firmness, and low levels of emotional support may actually moderate neighborhood effects (Eamon, 2002;Luthar, 1999). The author suggests that this seemingly contrary finding may be due to social and cultural expectations of different racial and/or ethnic groups (Eamon, 2002).…”