Power Electronics Converter Technology Integrated Energy Storage Management in Electric Vehicles: Emerging Trends, Analytical Assessment and Future Research Opportunities

Abstract

Globally, the research on electric vehicles (EVs) has become increasingly popular due to their capacity to reduce carbon emissions and global warming impacts. The effectiveness of EVs depends on appropriate functionality and management of battery energy storage. Nevertheless, the battery energy storage in EVs provides an unregulated, unstable power supply and has significant voltage drops. To address these concerns, power electronics converter technology in EVs is necessary to achieve a stable and reliable power transmission. Although various EV converters provide significant contributions, they have limitations with regard to high components, high switching loss, high current stress, computational complexity, and slow dynamic response. Thus, this paper presents the emerging trends in analytical assessment of power electronics converter technology incorporated energy storage management in EVs. Hundreds (100) of the most significant and highly prominent articles on power converters for EVs are studied and investigated, employing the Scopus database under predetermined factors to explore the emerging trends. The results reveal that 57% of articles emphasize modeling, experimental work, and performance evaluation. In comparison, 13% of papers are based on problem formulation and simulation analysis, and 8% of articles are survey, case studies, and review-based. Besides, four countries, including China, India, the United States, and Canada, are dominant to publish the maximum articles, indicating 33, 17, 14, and 13, respectively. This review adopts the analytical assessment that outlines various power converters, energy storage, controller, optimization, energy efficiency, energy management, and energy transfer, emphasizing various schemes, key contributions, and research gaps. Besides, this paper discusses the drawbacks and issues of the various power converters and highlights future research opportunities to address the existing limitations. This analytical assessment could be useful to EV engineers and automobile companies towards the development of advanced energy storage management interfacing power electronics for sustainable EV applications.

A comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review on reliability assessment and charging methodologies of grid‐integrated electric vehicles

“…On‐board charger usually uses single‐phase AC input due to slow charging capability. Additionally, the conventional two‐stage technique is utilised for On‐board chargers, consisting of the First‐Stage (AC‐DC) power factor correction (PFC) converter and the second‐stage (DC‐DC) converter [65].…”

Model of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Two Energy Sources

“…According to [20], the efficiency of an EV depends on the proper functionality and management of energy storage in the battery. Battery energy stored in an EV provides an unregulated, unstable power supply and has significant voltage drops.…”

Gallium Nitride Power Devices in Power Electronics Applications: State of Art and Perspectives

“…There are several fields of power electronics applications benefiting from the technological advancements of GaN devices, especially in the low-voltage (<200 V) power supply areas, which are, at present, having a growing impact on modern society, such as in telecom/datacom, server SMPS, and wireless charging. Furthermore, it also is an enabling technology for the integration of renewable energy with power converters, electric vehicles, industrial automation, and modular battery management systems (BMSs) [5], generally at a higher voltage rate (currently, 650 V is the standard for high-voltage GaN, with some power device fabrications achieving a maximum voltage of up to 1200 V). The wide-bandgap semiconductors in all mentioned applications improve the power converters' features, reducing their weight, volume, and lifecycle cost [6].…”