Poxvirus hosts and reservoirs

Baxby, Derrick

doi:10.1007/bf01319903

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The natural reservoirs of cowpox and elephant viruses are believed to be small wild mammals, not yet recognized (Baxby, 1977), and information on the reservoirs could be obtained by serological surveys of wild animals. For example, detection of anti-2 in European animals would exclude cowpox and Moscow virus and indicate infection with elephant or ectromelia virus whereas detection of anti-4 would exclude the latter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surface Antigens of Orthopoxviruses Detected by Cross-neutralization Tests on Cross-absorbed Antisera

Baxby

1982

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYCross-neutralization tests were done on accepted species and recently isolated members of the genus Orthopoxvirus using antisera which had been separately absorbed with the various viruses. The results provided evidence for the involvement of four neutralizing antigens, and their distribution among 13 virus strains was determined. Monkeypox (Congo-8-Lombe), camelpox (Gorgan), ectromelia (Mill Hill), 'Lenny' and elephant poxviruses had distinctive antigenic formulae. Lister and Wyeth vaccines were indistinguishable but different from Copenhagen and EM63 vaccines which were themselves distinct. Cowpox (Brighton), buffalopox (BP4), MK10, and Moscow poxviruses were indistinguishable. Examples were found where viruses shared surface antigens but were not all ~eutralized by antibody to them. This reduced the practical value of the technique for virus identification. Evidence was also obtained for the existence in some viruses of a fifth antigen, antibody to which could block neutralization by antibody to one particular anti~n.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surface Antigens of Orthopoxviruses Detected by Cross-neutralization Tests on Cross-absorbed Antisera

Baxby

1982

Journal of General Virology

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“…Because the original cowpox virus was isolated by Jenner in cows and later from milkmaids, all similar infections observed in cows were attributed, in general at the time, to be caused by the same cowpox virus and, later, by the actual vaccine virus [40].…”

Section: Orthopoxviruses Isolated From Animals During the Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cowpox virus had never been isolated in the former USRR, the agent responsible for the infection was closely related to the European strains of cowpox virus. Immunological analysis could differentiate cowpox virus from the virus isolated from elephant, but not from the Moscow virus, suggesting that at least closely-related cowpox-like viruses were circulating in Europe [40].…”

Section: Orthopoxviruses Isolated From Animals During the Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early reports described this virus as a strain of vaccinia virus, but afterward other isolates showed that it was in fact different from either vaccinia virus or cowpox virus [40,45,46]. Orthopoxviruses were also isolated from animals in the Moscow zoo in 1973-74; most of the animals infected were from the family Felidae and the mortality rate was very high [40,47,48]. Although cowpox virus had never been isolated in the former USRR, the agent responsible for the infection was closely related to the European strains of cowpox virus.…”

Section: Orthopoxviruses Isolated From Animals During the Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Copenhagen, a poxvirus was isolated from captive monkeys in 1958 and was named -monkeypox virus‖ [40]. Early surveys of monkey sera from different parts of the world did not reveal the presence of anti-poxvirus antibodies, and only in a later study were specific monkeypox antibodies found in a low percentage of wild monkeys tested [42,43].…”

Section: Orthopoxviruses Isolated From Animals During the Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When good vaccines go wild: Feral Orthopoxvirus in developing countries and beyond

Moussatché

Damaso

McFadden

2008

J Infect Dev Ctries

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The presence of zoonotic poxviruses in nature represents a potential human health risk that has to be re-evaluated by health authorities not only in developing countries, but also in many developed countries. For example, buffalopox virus infection remains to be a threat to humans and cattle in India, and monkeypox virus infection persists in several inhabited places in Africa and, more recently, in the USA. There are also a great number of zoonotic transmissions of cowpox virus from cats to humans in Europe. For almost a decade in Brazil, vaccinia-like viruses have been isolated from human and cattle infections. This review examines the ability of potentially pathogenic orthopoxviruses, including feral versions of vaccinia virus vaccine, to persist in nature and re-emerge for reasons we do not yet understand.

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Smallpox

Benenson

1989

Viral Infections of Humans

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Poxvirus hosts and reservoirs

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

The Surface Antigens of Orthopoxviruses Detected by Cross-neutralization Tests on Cross-absorbed Antisera

The Surface Antigens of Orthopoxviruses Detected by Cross-neutralization Tests on Cross-absorbed Antisera

When good vaccines go wild: Feral Orthopoxvirus in developing countries and beyond

Smallpox

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