Praperlakuan secara Hidrotermal Limbah Lignoselulosa untuk Produksi Bioetanol Generasi Kedua (Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Wastes Using Hydrothermal Method for Producing Second Generation Bioethanol)

Abstract

The second generation of bioethanol derived from various cellulosic biomass materials is one of the latest renewable energy as the alternative of fossil fuel. The cellulosic waste based wood and non-wood materials are the most abundant natural resource on the earth, renewable, and inexpensive. Currently, second generation bioethanol development is still not optimally done due to various obstacles, especially the pretreatment process to eliminate lignin, influencing the conversion process of cellulose into reducing sugar. Hydrothermal method is one of lignocellulose pretreatments, which is widely developed because this method is relatively cheap and environmentally friendly with the utilization of water-based solvent. Hydrothermal methods performed at high temperature and pressure in a relatively short time are able to deconstruct the lignocellulose structure that enables cellulase enzymes to access cellulose for hydrolysis. This study discussed about the development of hydrothermal method for lignocellulose pretreatment process to increase production of second-generation bioethanol. Some aspects studied in this research were structural change, chemical composition, lignocellulosic crystallinity before and after hydrothermal processes, and hydrothermal effect on the production of reducing sugars. Hydrothermal method could be used and developed as an efficient and cheap method as the first treatment of lignocellulose waste in attempt to increase the production of bioethanol.

Preparasi Hidrochar dari Limbah Pelepah Nipah dengan Penambahan Asam Oksalat serta Uji Aplikasinya untuk Adsorpsi Metilen Biru

“…Proses hidrotermal menggunakan uap air pada suhu (150-220) o C dapat mengubah karakter biomassa, hidrat selulosa dan mengurangi kandungan lignin (Naini et al, 2018;Nadia et al, 2018). Pada proses hidrotermal akan terjadi pengurangan massa karena terlarutnya beberapa komponen kimia dari biomassa.…”

“…Lignin dan hemiselulosa dipecah menjadi produk yang larut dalam air. Sifat daripada produk padat biomassa yang diproses secara hidrotermal menghasilkan produksi gula atau bahan lain yang memiliki berat molekul rendah akibat dari depolimerisasi hemiselulosa dan lignin sehingga akan meningkatkan daya cerna oleh mikroorganisme karena degradasi hemiselulosa dan lignin (Nadia et al, 2018;Naini et al, 2018;Ridwan et al, 2023) Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Cheng et al, (2018) mengatakan bahwa sifat hemiselulosa dari biomassa lebih sensitif dan memiliki berat molekul yang lebih rendah sehingga sangat mudah untuk terdegradasi.…”