Pre-exposure to simultaneous, but not individual, climate change stressors limits acclimation capacity of Irukandji jellyfish polyps to predicted climate scenarios

Klein, Shannon G.; Pitt, Kylie A.; Carroll, Anthony Richard

doi:10.1007/s00338-017-1590-9

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In comparison, pH at our sampling site was higher than in the mangrove pools 32 . Although cubozoans might be more vulnerable to laboratory conditions than other jellyfish species (Jimena Garcia-Rodriguez personal communication), they have been cultivated successfully in the laboratory over periods of days 13 to generations 23,24 within the context of OA experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Scyphozoa Aurelia aurita Planula larva; polyp7.4 (larva) 2 (polyp)Increased larvae settlement and tissue degradation (pH < 6.5) and mortality (pH < 4.5) of polypsKlein et al . 24 Cubozoa Alatina alata Polyp7.55Reproductive and protein content resilience, and increased early respiration rate under predicted temperature increase. Decreased prey capture ratesHammill et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 species; Table 1). The effects of OA on box-jellyfishes has only been investigated in three other species ( Alatina nr mordens 23 , Alatina alata 24 , and Carybdea rastoni ) 13 down to a pH of minimum 7.55 24 , which does not encompass 2300 OA projections (i.e. 7.5 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean acidification causes mortality in the medusa stage of the cubozoan Carybdea xaymacana

Chuard

Johnson

Guichard

2019

Sci Rep

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Ocean pH is decreasing due to anthropogenic activities, and the consequences of this acidification on marine fauna and ecosystems are the subject of an increasing number of studies. Yet, the impact of ocean acidification (OA) on several abundant and ecologically important taxa, such as medusozoans, is poorly documented. To date there have been no studies on the effect of post-2050 OA projections on the medusa stage of jellyfish. As medusae represent the reproductive stage of cnidarians, negative impacts on adult jellyfish could severely impact the long-term survival of this group. Using a laboratory experiment, we investigated the effect of 2300 OA projections (i.e. pH of 7.5) on the mortality rate of the medusa-stage of the cubozoan species Carybdea xaymacana , compared to ambient seawater pH conditions (i.e. pH of 8.1). After a 12-h exposure to OA, C . xaymacana medusae suffered higher mortality rates compared to ambient conditions. This study represents the first evidence of the potential lethal effects of post-2050 OA projections on jellyfish. The higher metabolic rates of cubozoans compared to other cnidarians might make box jellyfish more vulnerable to OA. A decrease in the density of cnidarians could lead to harmful ecological events, such as algal blooms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean acidification causes mortality in the medusa stage of the cubozoan Carybdea xaymacana

Chuard

Johnson

Guichard

2019

Sci Rep

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“…The first laboratory study on the influence of OA on jellyfish polyps showed that survival and asexual reproduction of Aurelia labiata polyps were unaffected by experimental conditions [ 15 ]. To our knowledge, there are only a few studies focused on the simultaneous effects of warming and acidification on jellyfish polyps using a realistic end-of-the-century climate scenario, and all of them have dealt with cubozoan species [ 24 , 29 , 30 ]. Polyps of the Irukandji jellyfish Alantina nr mordens were able to cope with warming but, their budding capacity decreased by lowering seawater pH, thereby limiting their possibilities to thrive [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, polyps of Carukia barnesi showed tolerance to extreme conditions [ 30 ]. Despite asexual reproduction appears to be independent of the environmental forcing imposed by both stressors, higher respiration and metabolic rates have been reported in response to warming and OA [ 29 ]. Similar results regarding asexual reproduction of scyphozoan polyps were obtained when combining reduced pH with low oxygen concentrations [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on asexual reproduction and statolith formation of the symbiotic jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata

et al. 2021

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Ocean acidification and warming are challenging marine organisms and ecosystems around the world. The synergetic effects of these two climate change stressors on jellyfish remain still understudied. Here, we examine the independent and combined effects of these two environmental variables on polyp population dynamics of the Mediterranean jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. An experiment was conducted to examine asexual reproduction by budding and strobilation considering current and ca. 2100 winter (Trial 1, 36 days) and summer (Trial 2, 36 days) conditions under the RCP8.5 (IPCC 2013). In Trial 1, a temperature of 18°C and two pH levels (current: 7.9 and, reduced: 7.7) were tested. Trial 2 considered two temperature levels 24°C and 30°C, under current and reduced acidification conditions (8.0 and 7.7, respectively). Ephyrae size and statolith formation of released ephyrae from polyps exposed to summer temperatures under both acidification treatment was also analyzed. Zooxanthellae density inside the polyps throughout the experiment was measured. C. tuberculata polyps could cope with the conditions mimicked in all experimental treatments and no significant effect of pH, temperature, or the combination of both variables on the abundance of polyps was observed. At 18°C, strobilation was reduced under high PCO2 conditions. Under summer treatments (24°C and 30°C), percentage strobilation was very low and several released ephyrae suffered malformations and reduced size, as a consequence of reduced pH and elevated temperatures, separately. The number of statoliths was not affected by pH or temperature, however, bigger statoliths were formed at elevated temperatures (30°C). Finally, zooxanthellae density was not affected by experimental conditions, even if, the duration of the experiment significantly affected symbiont concentration. Our results show that even though polyps of C. tuberculata would thrive the future worst scenario predicted for the Mediterranean Sea, their capacity to undergo a proper strobilation and to produce healthy ephyrae will be more vulnerable to climate induced environmental conditions, thereby affecting medusae recruitment and, therefore, population dynamics of the species.

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Multiple reproduction forms in the polyps of the cannonball jellyfishStomolophussp. 2: Probable life‐cycle reversal

et al. 2022

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The jellyfish genera Stomolophus spp. is one of the most abundant in the Pacific Ocean, yet it has not been thoroughly studied. Until recently, research has been developed and directed to its knowledge because of the economic interest in its exploitation. The genus Stomolophus in the Pacific Ocean is composed of five species (S. agaricus, S. chunii, S. collaris, S. fritillaria, and S. meleagris), and Stomolophus sp. 2 has been recently reported in the central part of the Gulf of California. Therefore, this study aimed to describe in vivo the different developmental stages of Stomolophus sp. 2 life cycle. As a result, multiple polyp reproduction forms were described, such as polyp-stolon formation, polydisc strobilation with more than 20 ephyrae formed by each strobila, and polyp formation directly from juvenile ephyra. In the degenerating phase, the polyps turned into cysts induced by stress conditions, such as changes in temperature, oxygen, and food availability. The life cycle of Stomolophus sp. 2 can be distinguished from that of S. meleagris by showing various asexual reproduction mechanisms and polydisc-like strobilation. The formation of polyps directly from the ectoderm of degenerating juvenile medusae suggests the possibility of a reversion cycle. Because of the different life cycles between S. meleagris and S. sp. 2, in addition to their morphological and genetic differences, this study proposes that Stomolophus sp. 2 should be considered a new species and suggests the name Stomolophus yaquilli, in reference to the indigenous community that lives in the species distribution area.

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Pre-exposure to simultaneous, but not individual, climate change stressors limits acclimation capacity of Irukandji jellyfish polyps to predicted climate scenarios

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

Ocean acidification causes mortality in the medusa stage of the cubozoan Carybdea xaymacana

Ocean acidification causes mortality in the medusa stage of the cubozoan Carybdea xaymacana

Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on asexual reproduction and statolith formation of the symbiotic jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata

Multiple reproduction forms in the polyps of the cannonball jellyfishStomolophussp. 2: Probable life‐cycle reversal

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