Pre–mass extinction decline of latest Permian ammonoids

Kiessling, Wolfgang; Schobben, Martin; Ghaderi, Abbas; Hairapetian, Vachik; Leda, Lucyna; Korn, Dieter

doi:10.1130/g39866.1

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A similar substantial pre-MEE decline of radiolarians has been reported in the Upper Permian (late Changhsingian) in South China (Feng et al 2007;Feng and Algeo 2014). Furthermore, a recent statistical analysis of Permian ammonoids revealed that high turnover rates and extinction pulses occurred during the last 700 kyr of the Permian (Kiessling et al 2018). As a first approximation, it seems reasonable to assume that the a b Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enhanced flux of extraterrestrial 3He across the Permian–Triassic boundary

Onoue

Takahata

Miura

et al. 2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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The ca 252 Ma Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) represents the most severe mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic, with the disappearance of~80% of marine invertebrate species. Large-scale eruption of the Siberian Traps is the commonly favored cause, although the link between volcanism and extinction remains debated. Here, we report evidence for an extraterrestrial 3 He influx in the PTB section of deep-sea bedded cherts from Japan. This unusual signal indicates a significant increase in the influx of interplanetary dust particles, likely related to an asteroid shower in the inner solar system. High-resolution stratigraphy indicates that the peak flux of dust particles occurred during the final 500 kyr of the Permian, concurrent with a pre-extinction decline in radiolarian diversity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enhanced flux of extraterrestrial 3He across the Permian–Triassic boundary

Onoue

Takahata

Miura

et al. 2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…Research increasingly reveals that such crises are less abrupt than previously thought. At least two deep-time extinction pulses, associated with wholesale losses of tropical reef systems (the end-Permian and the Toarcian crises) were preceded by community changes, minor extinction pulses and declining body sizes of marine organisms [33][34][35][36]. Improved constraints on the patterns that signal early warning of ecosystem collapse is thus an obvious route to address this question.…”

Section: Addressing Specific Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing priority questions of conservation science with palaeontological data

Kiessling

Raja

Roden

et al. 2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Palaeontologists often ask identical questions to those asked by ecologists. Despite this, ecology is considered a core discipline of conservation biology, while palaeontologists are rarely consulted in the protection of species, habitats and ecosystems. The recent emergence of conservation palaeobiology presents a big step towards better integration of palaeontology in conservation science, although its focus on historical baselines may not fully capture the potential contributions of geohistorical data to conservation science. In this essay we address previously defined priority questions in conservation and consider which of these questions may be answerable using palaeontological data. Using a statistical assessment of surveys, we find that conservation biologists and younger scientists have a more optimistic view of potential palaeontological contributions to the field compared to experienced palaeontologists. Participants considered questions related to climate change and marine ecosystems to be the best addressable with palaeontological data. As these categories are also deemed most relevant by ecologists and receive the greatest research effort in conservation, they are the natural choice for future academic collaboration. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’

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“…Studies on variations in body size related to extinction episodes usually have focused on the aftermath of a crisis (e.g., Lockwood 2005; Morten and Twitchett 2009; Huang et al 2010). Yet few studies have focused on changes in body size during precrisis times (e.g., He et al 2007, 2010; Zhang et al 2016; García Joral et al 2018; Kiessling et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductions in body size of benthic macroinvertebrates as a precursor of the early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction event in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

Piazza¹,

Duarte

Renaudie³

et al. 2019

Paleobiology

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Reduction of body size is a common response of organisms to environmental stress. Studying the early Toarcian succession in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal, we tested whether the shell size of benthic marine communities of bivalves and brachiopods changed at and before the global, warming–related Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE). Statistical analyses of shell size over time show that the mean shell size of communities decreased significantly before the T-OAE. This trend is distinct in brachiopods and is caused by larger-sized species becoming less abundant over time, whereas it is not significant in bivalves, suggesting a decoupled response to environmental stress. Reductions in shell size precede the decline in standardized sample-level species richness associated with the early Toarcian extinction event. Such decreases in the shell size of marine invertebrates, well before the onset of biodiversity change, suggest that reductions in body size more generally may be a precursor of a subsequent loss of species and turnover at the community level caused by climate change. Sedimentological evidence is against hypoxia as a driver of extinction and the preceding size decrease in the brachiopod fauna in the studied succession, although low oxygen levels are widely held responsible for elevated early Toarcian extinction rates globally. Reduction of mean shell size in brachiopods but stasis in bivalves is difficult to explain with ocean acidification, because experimental work shows that brachiopods can be resilient to lowered pH, albeit long-term metabolic costs and potential evolutionary adaptations are unknown. Rising early Toarcian temperatures in the Lusitanian Basin seem to be a plausible factor in both diversity decline associated with the T-OAE and the preceding reductions in mean shell size, because thermal tolerances in modern bivalves are among the highest within marine invertebrates.

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Pre–mass extinction decline of latest Permian ammonoids

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Enhanced flux of extraterrestrial 3He across the Permian–Triassic boundary

Enhanced flux of extraterrestrial 3He across the Permian–Triassic boundary

Addressing priority questions of conservation science with palaeontological data

Reductions in body size of benthic macroinvertebrates as a precursor of the early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction event in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

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