Pre-treatment with calcium enhanced defense-related genes' expression in the soybean's isoflavones pathway in response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Calcium-triggered accumulation of defense-related transcripts enhances wheat resistance to leaf blast

“…Similarly, we identified POX as an important component of Ca-mediated wheat resistance to leaf blast because a higher abundance of POX transcripts from 24 to 72 hai was observed in plants grown with 5 mM Ca in the nutrient solution relative to those grown with 0.26 mM Ca. Because differences in POX expression across Ca treatments were found since 24 hai, it is assumed that Ca accelerated accumulation of some defense transcripts, corroborating with was found in Ca-treated and S. sclerotiorum-inoculated soybean leaflets (Arfaoui et al 2016).…”

“…Mineral nutrition can be easily manipulated to increase host resistance or tolerance, and calcium (Ca) has been shown to reduce disease intensity in some crops, including bacterial and Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew in tomato (Jones and Woltz 1967;Ehret et al 2002;He et al 2014), brown eye spot in coffee (Garcia Júnior et al 2003), cavity spot in carrot (El-Tarabily et al 1997), clubroot in crucifers (Campbell et al 1985), Pythium damping-off in cucumber (Kao and Ko 1986), Phytophthora root rot and white mold in soybean (Sugimoto et al 2010;Arfaoui et al 2016) and soft rot in potato (McGuire and Kelman 1984). Although Ca plays an important role in plant disease resistance because it 1) maintains selective permeability and structural integrity of biomembranes (Legge et al 1982), 2) promotes cell wall strengthening (Conway et al 1991), 3) inhibits pathogen-secreted pectic enzymes (Biggs et al 1997), 4) is required for phytoalexin synthesis (Stab and Ebel 1987) and 5) upregulates defense-related gene expression (Arfaoui et al 2016), underlying mechanisms of Ca-mediated disease suppression, especially at the molecular level, remain largely unknown.…”

Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

“…It is well known that snail shell is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. Recently, Arfaoui et al (2015) demonstrated that pretreatment with calcium base formulation enhanced defense-related genes' expression in soybeans response to Slerotinia sclerotiorum. This phenomenon was confirmed in this study by higher production of phenolic compounds, total native protein contents and higher peroxidase activity in the leaves of cocoa seedlings following chitosan and snail shell soil treatment.…”

Effects of glyceollin on mRNA expression in the female mouse brain.

“…Moreover, a very recent study showed that pre-treatment with calcium is beneficial for soybeans infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and enhances the expression of defenserelated genes, including chalcone synthases, isoflavone synthase and isoflavone reductase, which are enzymes involved in the production of Glys (Arfaoui et al 2016) ( Fig.1.1). Pre-treatment with calcium, through the upregulation of these enzymes, improved the accumulation of daidzein, genistein and acetyl glycitin and enhanced the de novo synthesis of Glys, especially in soybeans inoculated with the aggressive strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Arfaoui et al 2016).…”

“…Pre-treatment with calcium, through the upregulation of these enzymes, improved the accumulation of daidzein, genistein and acetyl glycitin and enhanced the de novo synthesis of Glys, especially in soybeans inoculated with the aggressive strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Arfaoui et al 2016). In combination, these studies indicate that rapid Gly biosynthesis during infections forms an important aspect of innate disease resistance in soybean.…”