Prebiotic peptides, their formation, fermentation in the gut, and health implications

Abstract

Prebiotics can be synthesized from sources other than dietary fibers, such as proteins. The proteins, when processed into peptides have healthful or deleterious effects on the host. Outside living systems, prebiotic peptides (PP) are formed via preformation of amino acids or related monomeric building blocks, resulting in nonenzymatic polymerization/ligation to produce peptides. Whereas, inside living systems like the human gut, many metabolic pathways are involved in PP production, and mostly involve host-microbiota interactions. The interplay is responsible for PP activities and their implications on host amino acid balance and metabolism. Similar to carbohydrates fermentation, PP will yield short chain fatty acids (SCFA), but also branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs), phenols, indole, hydrogen sulfide, amines, and ammonia, capable of biologically mediating molecular signals. This holistic review considers a brief description of prebiotics, and tracks down prebiotic peptides formation processes, interactions with gut microbes, and health outcomes.

Evaluation of soil arsenic pollution and phytoaccumulation capabilities of 24 indigenous plant species in Barak Valley, South Assam, India

“…Except for the two fern species, most plants accumulated As in their roots due to the soil‐plants transfer process. The metal retention property of some plants may be attributed to metal‐binding components, possibly proteins, which are essential for metal tolerance (Ashaolu et al., 2023). Three non‐fern species with the highest As accumulation potential are L.aspera , P. conjugatum, and P. decipiens which have accumulated 30.22 mg/kg, 29.57 mg/kg, and 26.88 mg/kg, respectively, in their biomass.…”

“…This study collected a total of 24 plant species belonging to 16 families (Ashaolu et al, 2023). Three non-fern species with the highest As accumulation potential are L.aspera, P. conjugatum, and P. decipiens which have accumulated 30.22 mg/kg, 29.57 mg/kg, and 26.88 mg/kg, respectively, in their biomass.…”

Simulate the Dynamic Interactions Across Nutritional Supplements, the Polybiome, and the Biochemical Approach Dependent on Patient-Derived Gastrointestinal Knowledge

“…This is in contrast to the traditional approach, which focuses only on the assemblages of polybiomes. This is a departure from the conventional approach, which focuses only on the ways in which poly-biome assemblages communicate with one another [159,160]. These techniques may provide a clinical evaluation because they can provide accuracy at the species level for taxonomy, analyze transmission pathways, and quantify the physiological activities that occur within one diverse microbiota composition [161].…”

Collagen Hydrolysates: A Source of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Food Sources for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

“…Microbial metabolites such as SCFAs and some branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) have also been shown to provide significant health benefits including anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic activities. Small intestinal protein digestion can result in peptides that are able to bypass intestinal absorption and reach the colon to undergo fermentation by colonic bacteria [ 113 ]. Consequently, it is conceivable that the diverse range of peptides and amino acids found in CHs may function as prebiotics, promoting the production of microbial nitrogenous products through colonic fermentation, such as SCFAs, BCFAs, and GI gases ( Figure 5 ).…”