Predeparture orientation: Preparing college sojourners for intercultural interaction

The effects of cross‐cultural training on American managers in a Japanese‐American joint venture

“…That is, they noted that they understood the Japanese better, that they felt more comfortable, and were developing interactional skills that provided the foundation for the technical information exchange, and ultimately would impact on the bottom line-contributions to the company's goals, but this was not measurable immediately. This raises the question of the most appropriate timing of evaluation of training (Blake & Heslin, 1983;Martin, 1989). Perhaps a second evaluation should be conducted several months after the conclusion of the training.…”

A Model for Developing International Student Exchanges

“…As some have questioned the depth of traditional student exchanges in the past (Statland de Lopez, 1993), an orientation that helps to prepare the guest has been suggested to increase the value of the experience (Martin, 1989). One study found that orientation, when combined with other cultural immersion experiences, was effective in achieving the goals of the exchange (Boyle et al, 1999, p. 211).…”

Teaching a Psychology-Based Study Abroad Pre-Departure Course

“…In one of the first articles advocating pre-departure courses for study abroad participants, Martin (1989) outlined three specific objectives: (1) providing students with a conceptual framework for understanding intercultural interactions; (2) offering students an opportunity to learn about their particular host culture; and (3) assisting students in developing strategies for adjusting to an unfamiliar culture. Thus, these courses tend to be both culture-general and culture-specific (Bennett, 2008) in that they address basic dimensions across which all cultures vary, while also providing students with opportunities to learn about their individual destinations.…”