Predicting Combined Rain and Wet Snow Attenuation on Terrestrial Links

Tjelta, Terje; Bacon, David

doi:10.1109/tap.2010.2044316

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It was shown in [4] that when the diameter of a disk is between 20 µ m and 20 mm, horizontal attenuation is higher than vertical attenuation; however, outside of this zone, vertical attenuation is higher than horizontal attenuation. Since the diameters used in this study were around 10 mm to 20 mm, findings of the simulation support the previous findings of [14,15].…”

Section: Extension Of Rain Attenuationsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The density values were taken from previous studies [14][15][16] where rain modeling was done. Due to the fact that there are no estimations available that show the density of snowfall in Turkey, these values were used: moisture content: 0.7; distribution: uniform; length and diameter: changes according to each type given in shape, changes according to length, diameter, and ratio of ellipse axis.…”

Section: Simulation Of Snow Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of discrete electromagnetic propagation model for atmospheric effects on mobile communication

Şeker¹,

Kunter²

2013

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Abstract:Wireless communication has become an important part of our lives, and atmospheric effects are one of the ultimate factors affecting quality of communication and satellite systems. In this study the attenuation in mobile communication due to atmospheric events like snow and rain is simulated using the discrete propagation model. In this work, spherical raindrop and oblate spheroid raindrop modeling are used. To check the validity of simulations, the commonly used and accepted ITU-R rain model is used. Oblate spheroid raindrop modeling produces results that are more compatible with ITU-R results, especially at frequencies higher than 50 GHz. At lower frequencies, both raindrop shapes produce results that are not compatible with ITU-R results. Moreover, attenuation of snow is simulated for different types using the discrete propagation model and uniform distribution of snowflakes. The attenuation of vegetation is also simulated. It is found that snow attenuation is higher than rain attenuation, specifically because of the differences in particle size. In all simulations, frequencies of GSM communication of 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2270MHz are used for calculation and discussion of the results.

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Section: Extension Of Rain Attenuationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Simulation Of Snow Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of discrete electromagnetic propagation model for atmospheric effects on mobile communication

Şeker¹,

Kunter²

2013

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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“…It used Recommendation ITU‐R P.839‐3 [ ITU‐R , 2001] to estimate the average annual rain height rain . Tjelta and Bacon [2010] describe the development of this model in detail and provide a method to extend the model to nonhorizontal paths. The P.530 model adds attenuations exceeded at the same time percentage.…”

Section: Models Of Fading By Wet Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rain height model to predict fading due to wet snow on terrestrial links

Paulson

Al-Mreri

2011

Radio Science

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[1] Recommendation ITU-R P.530-13 provides an internationally recognized prediction model for the fading due to wet snow on low-elevation, terrestrial microwave links. An important parameter in this model is the altitude difference between the link and the rain height. The top of rain events is usually assumed to be 360 m above the zero-degree isotherm (ZDI). Above this height, hydrometeors are ice with low specific attenuation. Below this level, melting ice particles produce a specific attenuation up to 4 times that of the associated rain rate. A previous paper identified increasing ZDI height trends across northern Europe, North America and central Asia with slopes up to 10 m/yr. This paper examines NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis 1 data to identify global distributions of ZDI height around mean levels that increase linearly over time. The average annual distribution of ZDI heights relative to the annual mean are calculated for each NOAA Reanalysis grid square and skew normal distributions are fitted. These are compared to models in Recommendation ITU-R P.530-13 and Recommendation ITU-R 452-14. The effects of ZDI trends and the calculated skew normal distributions are illustrated using calculated trends in fading due to wet snow for two notional 38 GHz links in Edinburgh. A slow decrease in the incidence of fading due to wet snow is predicted over most of Europe. However, some links could experience increases where warming has increased the wetness of snow.Citation: Paulson, K., and A. Al-Mreri (2011), A rain height model to predict fading due to wet snow on terrestrial links, Radio Sci., 46, RS4010,

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“…Snowflakes that descend through dry and cool air will be small, powdery and would not stick together within the cloud. When the temperature is slightly warmer than 0°C, the snowflakes will melt around the edges and stick together to become big and heavy flakes, forming as 'wet' snow [16]. Snowfall is very difficult to measure due to melting, compacting, blowing and drifting properties.…”

Section: Formation Of Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And while many deserts get quite cold in the winter, there is often not enough moisture in the atmosphere to produce snow. Even Antarctica, the coldest and iciest continent, contains a region called the Dry Valleys, where it is extremely cold, but so dry that snow never falls [4] [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of snow wrap using clustering and wavelet transform

Reddy

Anisha

Prasad

2013

2013 International Conference on Human Computer Interactions (ICHCI)

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Weather forecasting is an alarming challenge in the field of geo-sciences as it depends on several parameters which are dynamic and chaotic. Continuous changes in precipitation distribution are complicated, being effected by meteorological and geographical factors. The major forms of precipitation are rain, snow and hails which depends on atmospheric parameters and climatic conditions, in which snow is a significant component of the earth's hydrological cycle and a crucial factor of global and regional energy balance. In many areas of the world, snowmelt is of great importance for water supply of agricultural irrigation and people's daily life. Snow water equivalent, snow extent and melt onset are important parameters for climate models and hydrological models which are widely used in climate forecasting, flood controlling and irrigation management. Till date, snowstorms were measured using traditional radar based data, which face major problems such as attenuation issues with strong echoes, as their signals are weak enough. Hence, satellite images are one of the proficient sources in the identification of snow. In the process of image acquisition from the satellite imagery it would often find barriers like noise, burrs and so on, obscure or even cover the original image of an area or can reduce the image quality which include lot of noise. Therefore, in the present research Haar wavelet transform is adopted to enhance the image or to eliminate striping noise. Differentiation between rain and snow depends on the square root balance sparsity norm threshold value obtained on compressing and de-noising the satellite image. The proposed model yields an average accuracy of 83.07 % in the identification of snow.

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Predicting Combined Rain and Wet Snow Attenuation on Terrestrial Links

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Simulation of discrete electromagnetic propagation model for atmospheric effects on mobile communication

Simulation of discrete electromagnetic propagation model for atmospheric effects on mobile communication

A rain height model to predict fading due to wet snow on terrestrial links

Remote sensing of snow wrap using clustering and wavelet transform

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