Predicting Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>Concentrations

Mooney, Harold A.; Drake, Bert G.; Luxmoore, R. J.; Oechel, Walter C.; Pitelka, Louis F.

doi:10.2307/1311562

Cited by 339 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The quantitative feedback of biogeochemical processes on vegetation distribution is still poorly understood (Neilson and Running, 1996). Therefore, a major problem when using these models to simulate the potential response of vegetation to a doubled-CO 2 climatic scenario is their inability to address the direct effects of CO 2 on vegetation (Norby et al, 1992;Mooney et al, 1991). The more recent achievement of incorporating the effects of CO 2 on NPP, leaf-area-index (LAI), water balance, and competition between C 3 and C 4 plants Prentice, 1996, 1997;Neilson, 1995, Woodward et al, 1995 in models provide some hope.…”

Section: Model Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics

Peng

2000

Ecological Modelling

127

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Section: Model Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics

Peng

2000

Ecological Modelling

127

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“…Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration may affect natural ecosystems by directly influencing plant growth and photochemistry due to an increased photosynthetic rate, especially in C 3 plants (Islam et al, 1996;Das et al, 2002). In spite of increased plant growth under elevated CO 2 concentrations (Bazzaz, 1990;Mooney et al, 1991;Amthor, 2001), aerial plant parts accumulate generally less nitrogen (N), and carbon (C)/N ratio increases (Baxter et al, 1994;Epron et al, 1996), which could influence plant secondary metabolites synthesis and concentration. GSs, as N-and C-containing secondary metabolites, might be affected by atmospheric CO 2 enrichment owing to changes in the plant's C supply and N content (Cotrufo et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CO2 enrichment on the glucosinolate contents under different nitrogen levels in bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.)

Fang

Teng

et al. 2009

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:The effects of CO 2 enrichment on the growth and glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) treated with three nitrogen (N) concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO 2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO 2 concentration, N concentration, and CO 2 ×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those of indolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO 2 . However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO 2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon (C) content increased, whereas the N and sulfur (S) contents decreased under elevated CO 2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO 2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO 2 condition.

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“…While thousands of papers have been published on the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on plants and plant communities (Mooney et al, 1991;Bazzaz and Fajer, 1992;Bowes, 1993;Curtis et al, 1994;Mooney and Koch, 1994;Drake et al, 1997), trees and forests have generally been underrepresented in the CO 2 literature (Ceulemans and Mousseau, 1994;Scarascia-Mugnozza et al, 2001). Nevertheless, a growing body of excellent reviews has been published in the past 8 years about the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems (Ceulemans and Mousseau, 1994;Curtis, 1996;Curtis and Wang, 1998;Saxe et al, 1998;Norby et al, 1999;Karnosky et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

Karnosky

2003

Environment International

108

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Atmospheric CO 2 is rising rapidly, and options for slowing the CO 2 rise are politically charged as they largely require reductions in industrial CO 2 emissions for most developed countries. As forests cover some 43% of the Earth's surface, account for some 70% of terrestrial net primary production (NPP), and are being bartered for carbon mitigation, it is critically important that we continue to reduce the uncertainties about the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest tree growth, productivity, and forest ecosystem function. In this paper, I review knowledge gaps and research needs on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest above-and below-ground growth and productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, water relations, wood quality, phenology, community dynamics and biodiversity, antioxidants and stress tolerance, interactions with air pollutants, heterotrophic interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Finally, I discuss research needs regarding modeling of the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forests.Even though there has been a tremendous amount of research done with elevated CO 2 and forest trees, it remains difficult to predict future forest growth and productivity under elevated atmospheric CO 2 . Likewise, it is not easy to predict how forest ecosystem processes will respond to enriched CO 2 . The more we study the impacts of increasing CO 2 , the more we realize that tree and forest responses are yet largely uncertain due to differences in responsiveness by species, genotype, and functional group, and the complex interactions of elevated atmospheric CO 2 with soil fertility, drought, pests, and co-occurring atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen deposition and O 3 . Furthermore, it is impossible to predict ecosystem-level responses based on short-term studies of young trees grown without interacting stresses and in small spaces without the element of competition. Long-term studies using free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) technologies or forest stands around natural CO 2 vents are needed to increase the knowledge base on forest ecosystem responses to elevated atmospheric CO 2 . In addition, new experimental protocols need to continue to be developed that will allow for mature trees to be examined in natural ecosystems. These studies should be closely linked to modeling efforts so that the inference capacity from these expensive and long-term studies can be maximized. D

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Predicting Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO₂Concentrations

Cited by 339 publications

References 72 publications

From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics

From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics

Effect of CO2 enrichment on the glucosinolate contents under different nitrogen levels in bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.)

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

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Predicting Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO2Concentrations

Cited by 339 publications

References 72 publications

From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics

From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics

Effect of CO2 enrichment on the glucosinolate contents under different nitrogen levels in bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.)

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

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Predicting Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO₂Concentrations