Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model

Abstract

Background This study aim to explore the intentions, motivators and barriers of the general public to vaccinate against COVID-19, using both the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. Methods An online survey was conducted among Israeli adults aged 18 years and older from May 24 to June 24, 2020. The survey included socio-demographic and health-related questions, questions related to HBM and TPB dimensions, and intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Associations between questionnaire variables and COVID-19 vaccination intention were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Eighty percent of 398 eligible respondents stated their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. A unified model including HBM and TPB predictor variables as well as demographic and health-related factors, proved to be a powerful predictor of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine, explaining 78% of the variance (adjusted R squared = 0.78). Men (OR = 4.35, 95% CI 1.58–11.93), educated respondents (OR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.44–8.67) and respondents who had received the seasonal influenza vaccine in the previous year (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.22–9.00) stated higher intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Participants were more likely to be willing to get vaccinated if they reported higher levels of perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 4.49, 95% CI 2.79–7.22), of perceived severity of COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.58–3.51) and of cues to action (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.38–2.87), according to HBM, and if they reported higher levels of subjective norms (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 2.15–4.30) and self-efficacy (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.54–2.72) according to TPB. Although half of the respondents reported they had not received influenza vaccine last year, 40% of them intended to receive influenza vaccine in the coming winter and 66% of them intended to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions Providing data on the public perspective and predicting intention for COVID-19 vaccination using HBM and TPB is important for health policy makers and healthcare providers and can help better guide compliance as the COVID-19 vaccine becomes available to the public.

Predicting Covid-19 Vaccination Intention: The Role of Health Belief Model of Muslim Societies in Yogyakarta

“…Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas (Shmueli, 2021). Dengan demikian, persepsi dalam konstruk HBM termasuk ke dalam prediktor minat vaksin.…”

“…Dengan demikian, persepsi dalam konstruk HBM termasuk ke dalam prediktor minat vaksin. Salah satunya adalah persepsi kerentanan yang mengacu pada keyakinan tentang kerentanan terhadap covid-19 (Lin et al, 2020;Shmueli, 2021). Dalam temuan penelitian ini tampak bahwa persepsi atau kerentanan yang dirasakan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat vaksinasi covid-19.…”

“…Berdasarkan hal tersebut, sehubungan dengan vaksinasi, manfaat yang dirasakan didefinisikan sebagai keyakinan positif individu tentang vaksinasi (Lin et al, 2020;Shmueli, 2021) yang dalam kerangka teori HBM diposisikan dalam perilaku kesehatan tertentu sebagai prediktor utama minat untuk terlibat dalam perilaku tertentu (Kerr et al, 2021). Dengan demikian, penelitian ini juga menginterpretasikan bahwa manfaat yang dirasakan terhadap minat untuk menerima vaksin berkonsekuensi bahwa semakin tinggi manfaat menerima vaksin menurut masyarakat Muslim di Yogyakarta, semakin tinggi minat mereka untuk menerima vaksin.…”

“…Dalam teori HBM, hambatan yang dirasakan digambarkan sebagai keyakinan bahwa divaksinasi dibatasi karena faktor waktu dan keuangan (Lin et al, 2020;Shmueli, 2021). Persepsi ini kemudian dipercaya mempengaruhi perilaku vaksinasi individu yang dalam hal ini dengan pengaruh yang negatif (Huynh et al, 2021).…”

Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived COVID-19 Infectability Supplement Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Iranians’ Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccinated

“…More specifically, the efficacy of using TPB on vaccination uptake has been evidenced in research on individuals’ intention to uptake influenza vaccination [ 15 , 16 ], human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination [ 17 ], and more recently COVID-19 vaccination [ 18 ]. Moreover, the efficacy of the three main constructs in the TPB (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) is promising in explaining individuals’ intention to uptake vaccination [ 19 ].…”