Prediction of Scale Formation Problems in Oil Reservoirs and Production Equipment due to Injection of Incompatible Waters

Moghadasi, Jamshid; Sharif, Adel O.; Müuller-Steinhagen, H.; Jamialahmadi, M.

doi:10.1002/apj.5500140319

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, it can cause pore clogging, affecting the pore structure and thus the hygric behavior of porous materials [4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Besides in building materials, salt pore clogging has an undesirable impact in the petroleum industry [17][18][19][20]. The effectiveness of water injection during oil extraction is reduced due to salt deposition in the technical equipment as well as in the porous medium [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides in building materials, salt pore clogging has an undesirable impact in the petroleum industry [17][18][19][20]. The effectiveness of water injection during oil extraction is reduced due to salt deposition in the technical equipment as well as in the porous medium [17][18][19][20]. A similar phenomenon is encountered in case of water desalination where salt deposition occurs on the semipermeable membrane, reducing the efficiency of the filtration [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of salt pore clogging on the hygric properties of bricks

Todorović

Janssen

2018

Construction and Building Materials

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This paper presents an experimental analysis of the impact of salt pore clogging on the hygric properties of bricks, with a focus on CaSO4•2H2O and NaCl. The study includes the pore clogging induction and hygric property measurement. The former implies establishing an even distribution of salt crystals in the samples, whereas the latter is related to determination of the basic hygric properties. The experiments reveal that even a limited amount of pore clogging can already significantly affect the hygric properties of bricks. It is moreover shown that the impact of pore clogging is highly dependent on the salt type.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of salt pore clogging on the hygric properties of bricks

Todorović

Janssen

2018

Construction and Building Materials

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“…However, the residual sulfate that has not been reduced to sulfide will remain in solution and be transported with the water flood—monitoring changes in the isotopic composition of this sulfate in the produced water (PW) from the reservoir is the key to the concept of isotopes as early indicators of microbial souring. Finally, if the FW contains elevated concentrations of Ba, Sr, or Ca, sulfate may be removed abiotically as insoluble minerals, resulting in mineral scale accumulation that can cause formation damage by decreasing local permeability (Moghadasi et al, 2006 ; Merdhah and Yassin, 2007 ). Isotopes can potentially be used along with fluid chemistry data to distinguish between these different abiotic and biotic mechanisms affecting dissolved sulfate concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic insights into microbial sulfur cycling in oil reservoirs

et al. 2014

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Microbial sulfate reduction in oil reservoirs (biosouring) is often associated with secondary oil production where seawater containing high sulfate concentrations (~28 mM) is injected into a reservoir to maintain pressure and displace oil. The sulfide generated from biosouring can cause corrosion of infrastructure, health exposure risks, and higher production costs. Isotope monitoring is a promising approach for understanding microbial sulfur cycling in reservoirs, enabling early detection of biosouring, and understanding the impact of souring. Microbial sulfate reduction is known to result in large shifts in the sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions of the residual sulfate, which can be distinguished from other processes that may be occurring in oil reservoirs, such as precipitation of sulfate and sulfide minerals. Key to the success of this method is using the appropriate isotopic fractionation factors for the conditions and processes being monitored. For a set of batch incubation experiments using a mixed microbial culture with crude oil as the electron donor, we measured a sulfur fractionation factor for sulfate reduction of −30‰. We have incorporated this result into a simplified 1D reservoir reactive transport model to highlight how isotopes can help discriminate between biotic and abiotic processes affecting sulfate and sulfide concentrations. Modeling results suggest that monitoring sulfate isotopes can provide an early indication of souring for reservoirs with reactive iron minerals that can remove the produced sulfide, especially when sulfate reduction occurs in the mixing zone between formation waters (FW) containing elevated concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and injection water (IW) containing elevated sulfate. In addition, we examine the role of reservoir thermal, geochemical, hydrological, operational and microbiological conditions in determining microbial souring dynamics and hence the anticipated isotopic signatures.

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“…Scaling concerns are dominated by multivalent cations [28], where barium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium are at the forefront of this issue. Barium from the formation can result in the precipitation of barium sulfate scale [35].As the pressure and temperature decrease when the PW is brought to the surface, the solubility of barium sulfate decreases, leading to scale formation [36]. As such, an acceptable level of barium for reuse is 20 mg/L (Table 1, Figure 4A).…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Various Produced Waters from Shale Energy Extraction within the Context of Reuse

et al. 2022

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Environmental concerns with unconventional oil and gas development are frequently centered on elevated water usage and the induction of seismic events during waste disposal. Reuse of produced water for subsequent production well stimulation can effectively address these concerns, but the variability among such samples must be well understood. Twenty-four samples of wastewater from unconventional oil and gas development were collected from south and west Texas to assess their variability and feasibility for direct reuse. Bulk metrics were collected, including total organic carbon, total nitrogen, as well as total dissolved and suspended solids. The profiles of pertinent inorganic constituents were also evaluated. Variations were not only seen between regions but also among samples collected from the same region. For example, the average total organic carbon for Eagle Ford samples collected was 700 ± 500 mg/L, while samples collected from the Permian Basin featured an average total organic carbon concentration of 600 ± 900 mg/L. The Permian Basin total organic carbon ranged from 38 to 2600 mg/L. The total dissolved solids levels had the same variability between regions, with an average value for Eagle Ford of 20,000 ± 10,000 mg/L and a Permian Basin value of 150,000 ± 40,000 mg/L. However, samples were more reproducible within a given region. Collectively, the data indicate that the direct reuse of raw produced water for subsequent production well development without treatment is not feasible based on the reported reuse thresholds. Unconventional development wastewater samples from the Permian Basin were also compared to produced water values from conventional oil and gas wells in the same region, as reported by the United States Geological Survey. Samples collected in the Permian Basin consistently demonstrated lower ionic strength compared to conventional produced water data.

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Prediction of Scale Formation Problems in Oil Reservoirs and Production Equipment due to Injection of Incompatible Waters

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

The impact of salt pore clogging on the hygric properties of bricks

The impact of salt pore clogging on the hygric properties of bricks

Isotopic insights into microbial sulfur cycling in oil reservoirs

Characterizing Various Produced Waters from Shale Energy Extraction within the Context of Reuse

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