Predictors of Partial Immunization Among Children Aged 12–23 Months in Yirga Cheffe District, South Ethiopia – A Community-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Universal age-specific immunization is one of the areas where preventive public health policy has become successful. Despite the increase in global immunization coverage, however, many children around the world, especially in developing countries, are still left unvaccinated. The study aimed at assessing the determinants of partial immunization among children 12-23 months of age in Yirga Cheffe, Gedeo, Ethiopia. Methodology: A community-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted. Using a simple random sampling technique, 328 samples (164 cases and 164 controls) were selected. Index case was defined as a child aged 12 to 23 months who missed at least one dose of vaccine from the scheduled dose. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the association, and the level of significance was set at p 0.05. The Result: The study showed that 40% of children were fully vaccinated, and the prevalence of those with partial vaccination was 46%. The likelihood of having incomplete vaccination was 45% higher in children whose mothers had no antenatal coverage (ANC) visit during pregnancy [OR=0.55, (95% CI; 0.297, 1.035)]. Lack of knowledge about the schedule of the vaccination has negatively affected the success of full vaccination (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.01, 5.56). Conclusion:The study revealed that significant numbers of children are not fully vaccinated. Despite appreciable efforts by the Federal Ministry of Health to improve complete immunization coverage, there are still bottlenecks that need to be tackled in enhancing coverage. We recommend the expansion of ANC and providing education on vaccination schedule and importance to minimize the burden of partial vaccinations and its sequelae.

Partial vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in eastern Ethiopia

“…The possible justification is that mothers who did not receive information or were not exposed to vaccination may not know the significance of vaccination, resulting in a lack of knowledge and, as a result, their children may be partially vaccinated. Children of unvaccinated mothers were more likely to be partially vaccinated, according to the evidence [ 11 ].…”

“…According to a recent report from Ethiopia, only 43% of children aged 12 to 23 months were completely vaccinated and 19% were unvaccinated [ 10 ]. In addition, another study found that 46 percent of children were only partially immunized [ 11 ].…”

Determinants of defaulter to full vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Siraro District, West Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Case-Control study

“…Vaccination is the process of inducing a protective response in an individual's body against a speci c illness by administering vaccines and one of the most cost-effective global public health interventions to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality (1,2). Defaulter to full vaccination is a condition in which a child missed routine vaccination schedule and not become fully vaccinated for any reasons that can put children at greater risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases (3,4). Partial child vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases is a signi cant public health challenge in developing countries and still in presence of vaccination, the children die by vaccine-preventable disease every year in developing countries (5,6).…”

“…Partial child vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases is a signi cant public health challenge in developing countries and still in presence of vaccination, the children die by vaccine-preventable disease every year in developing countries (5,6). Expanding universal age-speci c immunization program is one of the areas where preventive public health policy has become successful (3). Currently, the EPI has emerged as highly effective and e cient method to improve child survival and the program's interventions led to the notable reduction in vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide (3,7).…”

“…Expanding universal age-speci c immunization program is one of the areas where preventive public health policy has become successful (3). Currently, the EPI has emerged as highly effective and e cient method to improve child survival and the program's interventions led to the notable reduction in vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide (3,7).…”