Preface

Abstract

Technology (KIST); more than one hundred participants attended this symposium. The main topics of the symposium were the experimental and theoretical aspects of nanoscience, biological science, and related materials to develop applications. The organizing committee proposed to publish these high-quality papers in a special issue of Research on Chemical Intermediates.During the last decade, the research in developing new materials has become an extremely interesting research area. The symposium included organic synthesis for theoretical investigation of frontier materials. The information provided could open the door to the design of new materials.This special issue includes 17 papers, which were presented at the symposium. We would like to thank all of the authors who contributed their recent research results in this special issue of Research on Chemical Intermediates. We also express our deep gratitude to all the reviewers for their effort and expertise in reviewing the manuscripts.

Progress of Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde over Manganese Oxides

“…The presence of variable chemical valences and defects will benefit the mobility of surface oxygen and improvement of oxygen storage capacity of manganese oxides. [3,4] Therefore, manganese oxides have been widely used in field of battery anode material, [5][6][7][8] super capacitor, [9][10][11][12][13] pollutant degradation, [14][15][16][17][18][19] heterogeneous catalysis, [4,[20][21] and so on.…”

Green synthesis of benzonitrile using ionic liquid with multiple roles as the recycling agent

“…17,18 As for the one-pot route, it includes oximation of benzaldehyde to benzaldoxime, followed by the dehydration of in situ generated benzaldoxime to benzonitrile. 19 Obviously, the one-pot reaction helps to reduce the energy consumption, solvent waste and reaction time, which in turn, substantially avoids the isolation of benzaldoxime. It is a valuable strategic way in terms of economic and environmental aspects.…”

“…When benzaldehyde was 1 mmol, n(benzaldehyde) : n(NH 2 OH$HCl) ¼ 1 : 1.1, CH 3 CN was 0.5 mol, NaHCO 3 was 1 mmol, the benzonitrile yield was 80.0% at 80 C within 24 h. Leggio et al 22 investigated the catalytic properties of TiCl 4 . When benzaldehyde was 1 mmol, n(benzaldehyde) : n(NH 2 OH$HCl) ¼ 1 : 2, pyridine was 2 mL, TiCl 4 was 2.5 mmol, the benzonitrile yield was 85.0% at 40 C in 3 h. Wang et al 19 reviewed the synthesis of benzonitrile catalyzed by NaHSO 4 $H 2 O. Under the optimized conditions of molar ratio of n(benzaldehyde) : n(NH 2 OH$HCl) ¼ 1 : 1.4, and reaction at 135 C for 4.5 h in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst and DMF as solvent, benzonitrile was obtained in excellent yield of 92.8%.…”