Preface

Dense CO2 as a Solute, Co-Solute or Co-Solvent in Particle Formation Processes: A Review

“…Particle formation processes using dense gases have emerged within the last two decades as a promising alternative technology to overcome some technical problems and limitations related to the use of conventional methodologies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The most used classical processes such as jet and ball milling, spray-drying, and recrystallization using solvent evaporation or liquid anti-solvent, do comprise several drawbacks like the presence of high shear forces, high temperatures, electrostatic charges and also the contamination of the final product with undesirable organic solvents [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Biopesticide Encapsulation Using Supercritical CO2: A Comprehensive Review and Potential Applications

“…The lack of transition between those two phases provides a great solubilizing capability to the supercritical fluid (SCF), which increases with higher pressure values at a constant temperature. SCF refers to a single-phase matter in a non-condensing state near the critical point, which is sensitive to changes in pressure and temperature, once the slightest variation in these parameters leads to noticeable changes in density, resulting in a more gaslike or liquidlike fluid [ 9 , 42 , 74 , 75 ].…”

“…SCF can be used as a solute, solvent or antisolvent, to extract substances from natural products, sterilize products using high-pressure treatment, micronize drugs and encapsulate active substances in a polymeric matrix [ 74 ]. The most widely used supercritical fluid in encapsulation processes is supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ), due to its low toxicity, low cost, non-flammability, easy removal [ 11 ], permeability, and mild critical properties (critical temperature, T c = 304.25 K and critical pressure, P c = 7.38 MPa), so it is suitable for processing thermolabile compounds.…”

“…Some supercritical fluid techniques have been considered to create polymeric micro or nanoparticles of biopesticides with narrow size distribution and high stability, such as Rapid Expansion from Supercritical Solution (RESS), Particle from Gas Saturated Solutions (PGSS), Supercritical Solvent Impregnation (SSI) Supercritical Assisted Atomization (SAA) and Supercritical Phase Inversion [ 74 , 77 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Table 3 illustrates some applications of supercritical technologies applied to biopesticides or natural products that could be potential biopesticides.…”

Supercritical Fluid Application in Food and Bioprocess Technology

“…It is a promising alternative method for the pasteurization and sterilization of foodstuff (particularly in the liquid phase), sterilization of thermosensitive substances, as well as thermally and hydrolytically sensitive polymeric materials in biomedical applications. Furthermore, application of SC-CO 2 seems to be attractive for its economical feasibility, as it needs very low pressure (lower than 20 MPa) compared to the so-called ultra high pressure treatment (200-700 MPa) (Bertucco and Vetter, 2001). A number of papers have been addressed to the inactivation of a wide range of microorganisms, bacteria, spores, and yeasts in physiological solutions by SCF Erkmen, 2001;Spilimbergo et al, 2002;CleryBarraud et al, 2004).…”