Preface

Significance of Diagnosing Parasitic Infestation in Evaluation of Unexplained Eosinophilia

“…It is found in association with various atopic diseases, drug-related hypersensitive reactions, collagen vascular diseases, and malignancies. Eosinophilia is also particularly associated with helminth infections and especially during that phase of development when they invade the host tissues [6]. Infections are usually chronic and have high re-infection rates and are characteristically over dispersed, with patterns of intense infections being restricted to minorities within the common population [7,8].…”

Pre-challenge Evaluation of Immune Response in Serum Cytokines (Th1 and Th2) and T-cell Markers (CD4, CD8, CD3, and CD25) Following Administration of New Formulated Leishmania Vaccine in Balb/c Mice

“…Until now, an effective vaccine capable of controlling the leishmania infection by preventing cutaneous leishmaniasis has not been available, and it is speculated that one will be developed in the near future. Patients who have recovered from L. major infections develop high levels of immunity to the pathogen [2]. Leishmaniasis has a long history.…”

Viral haemorrhagic fever in children

“…Pathogens causing VHF encompass a broad spectrum of viruses causing a severe multisystem syndrome with vascular dysregulation and damage, which may result in overt haemorrhage 3. The viruses most commonly classified as causing VHF are listed in table 1,3–24 and include species from four families ( Arenaviridae, Filoviridae , Bunyaviridae and Flaviviridae ).…”

“…They were first identified during an outbreak of haemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, then Zaire) in 1976, and have subsequently been responsible for approximately 21 further epidemics of haemorrhagic fever affecting humans in DRC, Uganda, Sudan and Gabon 3. The most devastating epidemic to date is the recent epidemic centred in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, which has affected over 28 000 people with more than 11 000 deaths 26.…”

“…While Ebola has dominated the headlines for many months and the Zaire ebolavirus is one of the more lethal species of VHF viruses,3 healthcare professionals should be aware of several other VHF diseases, as early management in a controlled and safe healthcare environment improves survival of patients, protects healthcare workers and reduces potential for community spread.…”