Preliminary seismostratigraphic and geomorphic interpretations of the quaternary sediments of Hudson Bay

Josenhans, H; Balzer, S.A.; Henderson, PJ; Nielson, E; Thorleifson, Harvey; Zevenhuizen, J

doi:10.4095/122444

Cited by 14 publications

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“…The mound east of Le Goulet has a similar acoustic appearance to ridges described by Josenhans et al (1988) in Hudson Bay, which are interpreted as being moraine ridges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The area is still affected by falling relative sea level (RSL) at a rate in the order of 1.0 to 1.2 m/century (Webber et al 1970;HillaireMarcel 1976;Allard and Tremblay 1983;Sella et al 2007) as a result of ongoing glacio-isostatic rebound that still largely dominates over eustatic changes. Acoustic stratigraphy and core studies along the coast have been used previously to define stratigraphic sequences and sedimentary environments (e.g., Josenhans et al 1988Josenhans et al , 1991Bilodeau et al 1990;Josenhans and Zevenhuizen 1990;Gonthier et al 1993;Zevenhuizen 1993;Roberge 1998;Hill et al 1999;Lavoie et al 2002;Fraser et al 2005). These studies typically revealed the presence of a thin late Quaternary depositional succession defined in general by ice-contact, glaciolacustrine (?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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High-resolution seismo-stratigraphy and sedimentological properties of late- and postglacial sediments in Lac Guillaume-Delisle Estuary and Nastapoka Sound, eastern Hudson Bay

et al. 2008

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Lac Guillaume-Delisle Estuary and Nastapoka Sound are two sedimentary basins that recorded the late Quaternary deglaciation on the eastern coast of Hudson Bay. Acoustic profiles reveal an average sediments thickness of 15 m in the estuary and 6 m in the sound. These sediments reach 70 m thick in deep glacial troughs. Within the studied basins, four seismo-stratigraphic units overlying the acoustic basement were recognized. Unit 1 (subaqueous ice-contact and draped glaciomarine deposits associated with the Quebec-Labrador Ice Sector (QLIS) of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and the Tyrrell Sea) records the presence of a short ice-marginal stillstand during glacial retreat. Unit 2 (paraglacial and postglacial fluvial-deltaic deposits) and unit 3 (postglacial silty deposits) result from erosion of emerged sediments and redeposition in response to changes in relative sea level (RSL). Finally, unit 4 is composed of deformed deposits associated with a mass wasting event. The stratigraphic sequence and the spatial distribution patterns of deposits show that Lac Guillaume-Delisle is a good model to explain the dynamics of the QLIS margin during and after successive ice stillstands, continuous RSL fall, river discharge (ablation on land), and its final ablation inland. Additionally, seven cores were sampled in the southeast part of the estuary. Geochemical (organic carbon and total nitrogen) and carbon isotopic contents, used as alternative proxy, indicate that the sampled sediments correspond to the postglacial estuarine deposits of unit 3. Allochthonous sources of carbon dominate the supply to the sediments where the environment is regularly flushed by fresh and marine waters.Résumé : L'estuaire Lac Guillaume-Delisle et le chenal Nastapoka sont deux bassins sédimentaires où l'on retrouve des évi-dences de la déglaciation, au Quaternaire tarif, sur la côte Est de la baie d'Hudson. Des profils acoustiques indiquent une épaisseur moyenne de sédiments de 15 m dans l'estuaire et de 6 m dans le chenal. Ces sédiments atteignent une épaisseur de 70 m dans des fosses glaciaires profondes. Dans les bassins à l'étude, on reconnaît quatre unités sismostratigraphiques audessus du socle acoustique. L'unité 1 (des dépôts de contact glaciaire sous l'eau et des dépôts glaciomarins drapés associés au secteur glaciaire Québec-Labrador de la calotte glaciaire laurentidienne et à la mer de Tyrrell) enregistre la présence d'une brève pause de stabilization de la bordure glaciaire durant le retrait de la glace. L'unité 2 (des dépôts para-glaciaires et post-glaciaires fluvio-deltaïques) et l'unité 3 (des dépôts postglaciaires silteux) proviennent de l'érosion et de la redéposition de sédiments émergés en réponse aux changements du niveau relatif de la mer. Finalement, l'unité 4 est composée de dépôts déformés associés à un événement de mouvement de masse. La séquence lithologique et les patrons de répartition spatiale des dépôts montrent que le Lac Guillaume-Delisle est un bon modèle pour expliquer la dynamique de la bordure du secteur Québec-L...

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“…The mound east of Le Goulet has a similar acoustic appearance to ridges described by Josenhans et al (1988) in Hudson Bay, which are interpreted as being moraine ridges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High-resolution seismo-stratigraphy and sedimentological properties of late- and postglacial sediments in Lac Guillaume-Delisle Estuary and Nastapoka Sound, eastern Hudson Bay

et al. 2008

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“…yr BP. The fact that this rich fossil bed is overlain by more than 19 m of deposits points out abnormally high sedimentation rates that prevailed during this period, which is not representative of typical postglacial sedimentation conditions in Hudson Bay (Josenhans et al, 1988). This considerable sedimentation is attributed to the disintegration of Québec-Labrador ice and sediment reworking.…”

Section: Deglaciation and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Late Quaternary glacial geology of Hudson Bay has been relatively well described from research carried out at sea using marine geophysical methods supported by a few cores (Josenhans et al, 1988;Bilodeau et al, 1990;Josenhans and Zevenhuizen, 1990;Gonthier et al, 1993;Zevenhuizen, 1996;Hill et al, 1999). However, in the terrestrial coastal sectors of eastern Hudson Bay, only a small number of papers (HillaireMarcel, 1976;Hillaire-Marcel et al, 1981;Allard and Seguin, 1985;Parent and Paradis, 1994;Parent et al, 1995) have addressed the regional history of ice retreat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary Deglaciation, Glaciomarine Sedimentation and Glacioisostatic Recovery in the Rivière Nastapoka Area, Eastern Hudson Bay, Northern Québec

Lajeunesse

Allard

2005

gpq

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This study presents a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of deglaciation dynamics and chronology, glaciomarine and postglacial sedimentation, as well as glacioisostatic recovery in the Rivière Nastapoka area, eastern Hudson Bay. Results indicate that the retreat of Québec-Labrador ice was mainly controlled by topography and was marked by four phases. Radiocarbon dates indicate that deglaciation began about 8.3 ka cal. BP and was characterized by a stillstand of the ice margin in the Nastapoka Hills that lead to the deposition of a drift belt in a high relative sea-level (Phase 1). After this stabilisation, the ice margin retreated rapidly eastward in a region of low relief and deposited a drape of silty clay in a falling relative sea-level (Phase 2). A second phase of stabilization of the ice margin lasted until at least 7.2 ka cal.BP on the higher shield peneplaine east of the limit of the Tyrrell Sea (Phase 3). This lead to the deposition of a belt of glaciofluvial deltas in a lower relative sea-level. Following this stillstand, the eastward retreat and subsequent ablation of the ice in central Québec-Labrador generated meltwater that transported large volumes of glacial sediments by fluvial processes and downcutting of fluvial terraces in previously deposited glaciofluvial and marine sediments (Phase 4). Glacioisostatic rebound reached 0.07 m/yr during the early phase of deglaciation and decreased to 0.04 m/yr between 6 and 5 ka cal. BP and 0.016 m/yr in the last 1000 years.Dans la région de la rivière Nastapoka, le retrait de l’inlandsis du Québec-Labrador sous l’influence de la topographie s’est déroulé en quatre phases. Les datations au radiocarbone montrent que la déglaciation a débuté vers 8,3 ka étal. BP et qu’elle a été caractérisée par une stabilisation du front glaciaire dans les collines Nastapoka ayant mené à la mise en place d’une ceinture de complexes sédimentaires alors que le niveau marin relatif était élevé (phase 1). Par la suite, le front glaciaire a rapidement reculé vers l’est dans une zone au relief peu accidenté en déposant un épais couvert de silt argileux dans les dépressions rocheuses ; le niveau marin relatif était encore élevé (phase 2). Le front glaciaire s’est ensuite de nouveau stabilisé jusqu’à au moins 7.2 ka étal. BP dans une région au relief plus accidenté sur le plateau précambrien, au-delà de la limite orientale de l’invasion de la Mer de Tyrrell (phase 3). Cette pause a mené à la mise en place d’une ceinture de deltas fluvio-glaciaires alors que le niveau marin relatif était plus bas. Puis, avec le retrait complet du front glaciaire de la région et l’ablation de l’inlandsis au centre du Québec-Labrador, les eaux de fonte ont transporté d’importantes quantités de sédiments glaciaires selon des processus fluviaux et l’incision en terrasses des dépôts fluvio-glaciaires et marins déposés antérieurement (phase 4). Le relèvement glacio-isostatique de la région a atteint des taux de 0,07 m/an au début de la déglaciation, puis a diminué pour atteindre 0,04 m/an entre 6 et 5 ka étal....

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“…Overall, there is only discontinuous evidence of ice‐streaming activity on the Hudson Bay sea floor based on the available multibeam data. This may be a result of the incomplete multibeam data coverage, of iceberg disturbance or of postglacial sedimentation, although the postglacial sedimentary cover is rather thin (<5 m) in offshore sectors of Hudson Bay (Josenhans et al . 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subglacial record of northern Hudson Bay: insights into the Hudson Strait Ice Stream catchment

Ross

Lajeunesse

Kosar

2010

Boreas

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Ross, M., Lajeunesse, P. & Kosar, K. G. A. 2010: The subglacial record of northern Hudson Bay: insights into the Hudson Strait Ice Stream catchment. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00176.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. In this paper, we present new insights into the glacial dynamics and potential configuration of the Hudson Strait Ice Stream catchment in the northern Hudson Bay–western Hudson Strait region. Our reconstruction is based on new field observations and till compositional data from Southampton Island, remote sensing imagery and multibeam bathymetric data from the Hudson Bay sea floor, as well as on a re‐examination of previously published data from this vast region. Our findings suggest that, during the late Quaternary, the HSIS catchment consisted of a number of ice‐stream tributaries feeding a curvilinear trunk that potentially extended into western Hudson Bay. In contrast to previous interpretations, the occurrence of fluted bedrock hills, over‐deepened basins, Dubawnt erratics and carbonaceous till on the islands at the head of Hudson Strait is taken to imply that cold‐based conditions did not prevail on these islands. The upland area of Southampton Island and the surrounding channels played an important role in controlling the location of the main tributaries, with the higher central terrain forming a large inter‐ice‐stream zone lacking carbonate detritus. Coats Island contains abundant evidence of vigorous ice flow, such as mega‐scale glacial lineations (MSGLs). MSGLs also occur on the sea floor southwest of Coats Island but the sea‐floor imprint is highly discontinuous. Observations on the western Hudson Bay mainland show evidence of southeastward fast ice flow that is spatially consistent with the Dubawnt dispersal train. Despite the geomorphological discontinuities, this may indicate that the HSIS onset zone extended far inside the Laurentide Ice Sheet and across contrasting geological domains.

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Preliminary seismostratigraphic and geomorphic interpretations of the quaternary sediments of Hudson Bay

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

High-resolution seismo-stratigraphy and sedimentological properties of late- and postglacial sediments in Lac Guillaume-Delisle Estuary and Nastapoka Sound, eastern Hudson Bay

High-resolution seismo-stratigraphy and sedimentological properties of late- and postglacial sediments in Lac Guillaume-Delisle Estuary and Nastapoka Sound, eastern Hudson Bay

Late Quaternary Deglaciation, Glaciomarine Sedimentation and Glacioisostatic Recovery in the Rivière Nastapoka Area, Eastern Hudson Bay, Northern Québec

The subglacial record of northern Hudson Bay: insights into the Hudson Strait Ice Stream catchment

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