Preliminary Validity of the Cognitive Function Checklist: Prediction of Tower of London Performance

The Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions and Their Contributions to Complex “Frontal Lobe” Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis

“…The important role of the Inhibition ability in solving the TOH puzzle suggests that, at least in its typical method of administration that encourages the perceptual strategy, the TOH should not be conceptualized as a ''planning'' task (Goel & Grafman, 1995). According to recent research (Murji & DeLuca, 1998), this conclusion may also generalize to an analogous Tower of London task, which has also been widely used as a ''planning'' task. We should emphasize, however, that if participants were to use a more demanding strategy that requires more extensive goal management (as in the case of the goal-recursion strategy; Carpenter et al, 1990), then the TOH task might be related less strongly to the Inhibition factor and more strongly to the Updating factor, to the extent that Updating also applies to the management of goal information in working memory.…”

Self-Regulation and Inhibition in Comorbid ADHD Children: An Evaluation of Executive Functions

“…The total number of moves from all the test problems is then added, resulting in the total move score. The function of moving the balls employs the executive functions of working memory, forethought, and planning, whereas the total move score of the TOL measures the executive functions of inhibition, planning, and problem solving (Barkley, 1998;Culbertson & Zillmer, 1998a, 1998b, 1999Gnys & Willis, 1991;Murji & DeLuca, 1998;Pennington et al, 1996;Schnirman, Welsh, & Retzlaff, 1998). The higher a child's total move score, the poorer his or her executive function planning ability (Culbertson & Zillmer, 1999).…”

The Tower of London Spatial Problem-Solving Task: Enhancing Clinical and Research Implementation

“…As a native of England, Shallice dubbed the proposed replacement to the TOH, the Tower of London (TOL). The TOL task, now frequently used to study planning ability in both clinical (e.g., Cockburn, 1995;Levin et al, 1996;Murji & DeLuca, 1998) and nonclinical (e.g., Dagher, Owen, Boecker, & Brooks, 1999;Kafer & Hunter, 1997;Morris, Ahmed, Syed, & Toone, 1993) populations, shares with the TOH the goal of rearranging a small set of distinct objects arranged on three rods from their initial position into another speci®ed con®guration (see Fig. 1 for illustrations of the TOH and Shallice's TOL).…”