Première observation de botulisme C beta chez le porc au Sénégal

Abstract

A la suite de la consommation de drêches de brasserie conservées dans de mauvaises conditions, une enzootie de botulisme est apparue dans une porcherie de la banlieue de Dakar. La souche de Clostridium botulinum isolée du foie d'un cadavre frais s'est révélée appartenir au type C beta. Sa toxicité relativement faible est de l'ordre de 0,0001 ml pour la souris. Son action sur la gélatine et le glucose est différente de celle de la souche isolée dans le botulisme des ruminants et des équidés du nord du Sénégal. Lorsque les drêches ont été retirées de la ration, les animaux encore malades ont guéri sans qu'aucun traitement ait été prescrit. Cette observation de botulisme porcin constitue le premier cas signalé dans l'Afrique Noire francophone

Type C botulism in swine fed on restaurant waste

“…The occurrence of cases of botulism in pigs is rare, since they are more resistant than other animals to the effects of botulinum toxin (Kriek & Odendaal 2004, Radostits et al 2007, and they are considered resistant to the poiso ning (Smith et al 1971, Barcellos & Oliveira 2007. Only reports of two other cases of the poisoning in pigs could be found in the literature, as described in the cases where botulinum toxin type C was responsible f or the outbreaks (Beiers & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967. In both cases the botulinum poisonimg was asso ciated with contaminated material in putriϐication ingested by the animals (Beie rs & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967.…”

“…Only reports of two other cases of the poisoning in pigs could be found in the literature, as described in the cases where botulinum toxin type C was responsible f or the outbreaks (Beiers & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967. In both cases the botulinum poisonimg was asso ciated with contaminated material in putriϐication ingested by the animals (Beie rs & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967. In all outbreaks monitored by SPV-UFRGS the main feed material of the pigs comprised f ood waste originating from restaurant and hotel kitchens stored in barrels under poor conditions and without prior thermal treatment before being given to the animals.…”

“…Pigs are very resistant to botulinum toxins (Beiers & Simmons 1967, Smith et al 197 1), and only few cases of botulism have been reported. In swine only two cases of botulism from the ingestion of type C toxin have been reported (Beiers & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967. Th e clinical signs presented by pigs are muscular weakness and generalized ϐlaccidness, followed by recumbency and incapacity to move (Beier s & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967.…”

“…In swine only two cases of botulism from the ingestion of type C toxin have been reported (Beiers & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967. Th e clinical signs presented by pigs are muscular weakness and generalized ϐlaccidness, followed by recumbency and incapacity to move (Beier s & Simmons 1967, Doutre 1967. The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence of botulism caused by the type C toxin in swine fed on restaurant waste in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.…”

Acute Lower Motor Neuron Tetraparesis

“…45 In dogs, the most common toxin associated with clinical illness is BoNT type C (BoNT-C), although 2 cases of type D intoxication were reported from Senegal. 47,48 Natural botulism has only been reported once in a group of 8 cats, and it was also caused by BoNT-C. 49 C botulinum forms spores under anaerobic conditions and in environments rich in organic material. Spores are highly resistant to light, heat, desiccation, many chemical agents, and radiation.…”