Premix membrane O/W emulsification: Effect of fouling when using BSA as emulsifier

Process optimisation of rotating membrane emulsification through the study of surfactant dispersions

“…Whilst higher fluxes are achievable due to the generally lower viscosity (than pure dispersed phase), the requirement of multiple passes to ensure droplet uniformity negatively impacts the time and energy savings in comparison to the conventional approach. Furthermore, it is likely that fouling will occur as the mixture of oil, water and surfactant is broken down within the internal structure of the membrane (Trentin et al, 2009). If one aimed to maximise the level of control over droplet formation (at the expense of high dispersed phase flux), the advantages of energy saving are lost due to the long operating time.…”

Instrumented small scale extruder to investigate the influence of process parameters during premix membrane emulsification

“…In most cases recirculation is required to achieve narrow particle size distributions [10,11]. A general drawback of membrane emulsification is the risk of membrane fouling (interaction, e. g., attachment, of formulation compounds with the membrane) [12]. Most studies performed so far investigated premix-ME for the production of emulsions with particle sizes in the micrometer range [13][14][15], whereas there are only few investigations about the production of nanoemulsions with premix-ME [16,17].…”

Porous polymer particles—A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications

“…Moreover, researchers developed microchannel emulsification for which every hole (channel) for discrete phase droplet formation is custom made. Silicon [115][116][117][118], metal [119][120] and polymer [121][122] based highly uniform microchannels have been used for monodisperse (CV <5%) particle manufacture [123]. The difference between membrane and microchannel emulsification is the fabrication of the emulsification material, which in turn affects the pore size distribution.…”