Prenatal ethanol exposure-induced hypothalamic an imbalance of glutamatergic/GABAergic projections and low functional expression in male offspring rats

Peripheral ghrelin administration prevents the behavioral effects of restraint stress in mice: possible implication of PVNCRHneurons

“…GAD67 is an enzyme that converts glutamate to GABA 46 , therefore its expression indicates that the neuron is GABAergic. GAD67 was identified by imunnostaining in the PVN of rats subjected to prenatal programming 47,48 or colchicine pretreatment 49 , other studies, however, showed that the PVN does not express GAD67-positive cell bodies, but rather neuron terminals 50 . Indeed, in-situ hybridization studies demonstrated that GAD67 and GAD65 mRNA are present in regions adjacent to the PVN rather than on the PVN itself 51 .…”