Preparation and characterization of mucoadhesive nanoparticles of poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) containing glycyrrhizic acid intended for vaginal administration

Abstract

Traditional vaginal preparations reside in the vaginal cavity for relatively a short period of time, requiring multiple doses in order to attain the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, mucoadhesive systems appear to be appropriate to prolong the residence time in the vaginal cavity. In the current study, mucoadhesive nanoparticles based on poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PVM/MA) intended for vaginal delivery of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) (a drug with well-known antiviral properties) were prepared and characterized. Nanoparticles were generated by a solvent displacement method. Incorporation of GA was performed during nanoprecipitation, followed by adsorption of drug once nanoparticles were formed. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, Z-potential, morphology, drug loading, interaction of GA with PVM/MA (by differential scanning calorimetry) and the in vitro interaction of nanoparticles with pig mucin (at two pH values, 3.6 and 5; with and without GA adsorbed). The preparation method led to nanoparticles of a mean diameter of 198.5 ± 24.3 nm, zeta potential of -44.8 ± 2.8 mV and drug loading of 15.07 ± 0.86 µg/mg polymer. The highest mucin interaction resulted at pH 3.6 for nanoparticles without GA adsorbed. The data obtained suggest the promise of using mucoadhesive nanoparticles of PVM/MA for intravaginal delivery of GA.

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC2 in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

“…Among the poly(vinyl ethers), poly(methyl vinyl ether) is a special case because it belongs to the class of thermo‐responsive polymers and exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 36 °C . Copolymers of MVE with maleic anhydride are widely used in medicine and pharmacology, in paper and textile industries, for manufacture of cosmetics and toiletry, as bioadhesives for drug delivery options and components of cellulosic biocomposites . Besides, these copolymers form interpolymer complexes possessing valuable properties …”

Biodistribution and targeting potential assessment of mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles designed for ulcerative colitis via scintigraphy

“…These results also correlate with previously reported ndings. 55,56 The mucoadhesion strength of NPs progressively increased with time up to 90 min, aer which equilibrium for PSM interaction was reached.…”

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of water-soluble β-cyclodextrin-glycyrrhetinic acid conjugates as potential anti-influenza virus agents

“…The antiviral activities of compound 1 against SARS-associated corona virus and influenza virus have also been demonstrated [8,9]. Recently, it has been noted that the application of compound 1 as a potential antiviral agent can be further improved by using certain drug delivery systems, e.g., mucoadhesive nanoparticles based on poly (methyl vinyl ether-comaleic anhydride) (PVM/MA) [10].…”