Preparation and characterization of super activated carbon produced from gulfweed by KOH activation

Li, Shijie; Han, Kuihua; Li, Jinxiao; Li, Ming; Lu, Chunmei

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.02.052

Cited by 257 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…More importantly, according to Viculis et al [54], potassium might play an important role in greatly increasing the surface area. The produced potassium atoms form an intercalation compound, KC 8 . Upon treatment with water after activation, the reaction between potassium intercalated compounds and aqueous solvent opens up the pores [54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used agents for chemical activation are acidic reagents such as ZnCl 2 , H 3 PO 4 , HCl, and H 2 SO 4 or the basic reagents KOH, K 2 CO 3 , NaOH, and Na 2 CO 3 . There is a growing interest in using alkali hydroxides as the activation agent, with KOH being one of the most promising activating agents [8,9]. In this work, KOH and NaOH are compared as activating agents while hemp bast fiber was chosen as the carbon precursor because of its unique fibrous structure to make carbonaceous materials [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing

Hossain

et al. 2018

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Synthesis of activated carbon from waste biomass is of current interest towards sustainability. The properties of biomass-derived activated carbon largely depend on the carbonization process. This study reports the preparation of mesoporous activated carbon with extremely high surface area from hemp bast fiber using hydrothermal processing. Hot water processing (390-500 • C) followed by activation using KOH and NaOH was investigated at different mass ratios. The described approach was found to enhance the mesoporosity (centered at 3.0 to 4.5 nm) of the hemp-derived activated carbon (HAC) from activation [confirmed by BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) pore size distribution and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) imaging]. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) results showed that the product has an extremely high surface area (2425 m 2 /g) while the surface functional groups (-OH, -COOH, C=C/C-C) were confirmed by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and further quantified by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Increasing KOH concentration was found to enhance the surface area with a maximum biochar-to-KOH (g/g) ratio of 1:3. The crystallite domain size of HAC was determined using Raman spectroscopy of different wavelengths. The procedure described in this study is an environmentally friendly scalable route for the mass production of activated carbon using hemp fiber.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing

Hossain

et al. 2018

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“…On the other hand, the adsorption process has been found to be superior to other techniques in terms of cost, efficiency, the simplicity of design, and ease of operation. There have been a variety of sorbents used in adsorption of metal ions such as agro-based materials, clays, limestones, zeolites, fly ash, activated sludges, polymeric adsorbents, nanosized materials, and their various modified forms (Sdiri and Higashi 2013;Farnane et al 2017;Bestawy et al 2013;Hossain et al 2014;Zhang and Zhu 2015;Omar 2015;Taamneh and Sharadqah 2016;Han et al 2017). But activated carbon (AC) is still one of the well-known and widely used effective adsorbents at industrial scale due to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically activated carbon production from agricultural waste of chickpea and its application for heavy metal adsorption: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this study was to produce activated carbons (ACs) from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) husks by chemical activation (KOH and K 2 CO 3) and to examine their feasibility in removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In the case of KOH impregnation with a ratio of 50 wt%, the most developed porosity was achieved, with a BET surface area of 2082 m 2 /g and a total pore volume of 1.07 cm 3 /g. By using the product, the maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 135.8, 59.6, and 56.2 mg/g for Pb(II), Cr(VI), and Cu(II), respectively. The experimental data were analyzed by various adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were also calculated. The results obtained in this study shows that adsorption onto chickpea-husk-derived activated carbon was endothermic and spontaneous for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

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“…In this sense, by controlling the activation process, it is possible to generate a wide variety of activated carbons to satisfy the requirements of diverse applications . With regard to activated agents, many reagents have been tested; the most widely used are ZnCl 2 (Gonzalez-Serrano et al, 1997), H 3 PO 4 (Gonzalez-Serrano et al, 2004;Duan et al, 2017), KOH (Li et al, 2017), and NaOH (Kiliç et al, 2012), being ZnCl 2 and H 3 PO 4 preferred when activating lignocellulosic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

About the Role of Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbons in the Removal of Micropollutants

et al. 2019

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The preparation of phosphorus-containing activated carbons and the effect of their surface chemistry and porosity on the performance as adsorbents of paracetamol are herein reported. A parent activated carbon is prepared by chemical activation of olive stones with phosphoric acid at 500 • C and impregnation weight ratio of 3:1. This carbon is thermal treated under inert atmosphere at 900 • C, producing porosity shrinkage, loss of 20% of surface area and less oxidized phosphorus groups. In addition, our knowledge about the redox behavior of P-containing groups has allowed the controlled gasification of the parent activated carbon in diluted air atmosphere, developing wide micropores and mesopores, increasing 40% the specific surface area and producing more oxidized phosphorus groups. Adsorption of a model micropollutant, paracetamol, has been conducted over these activated carbons by using diluted aqueous solutions (<10 mg L −1 ). Batch and small-scale column experiments confirmed that the presence of narrow microporosity and surface chemistry compatible with paracetamol improves the adsorption capacity, at the point of overcoming the potential effect of additional microporosity development. Moreover, the presence of a well-developed micro-and mesoporisity combined with a low surface acidity (that increases the affinity of the activated carbon surface and paracetamol) enhances the mass transfer rate of the adsorbent, improving the small-scale column performance parameters. To sum up, this study emphasizes the key role played by surface chemistry on the applicability of P-containing activated carbon as adsorbents. These results also confirm that controlled gasification at high temperatures of P-containing activated carbons is a useful method for improving their behavior in micropollutant abatement.

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Preparation and characterization of super activated carbon produced from gulfweed by KOH activation

Cited by 257 publications

References 39 publications

High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing

High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing

Chemically activated carbon production from agricultural waste of chickpea and its application for heavy metal adsorption: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

About the Role of Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbons in the Removal of Micropollutants

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