Preparation and Evaluation of Lyophilized Live Attenuated Vaccine of Inclusion Body Hepatitis Hydropericardium Syndrome (IBH-HPS) against Challenge in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

The current study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the efficacy of live attenuated vaccine of IBH-HPS in broiler birds in Pakistan. The IBH-HPS virus was successfully adapted after three blind passages (Vero cell line) and the 4 th passage was fully adapted as it gave cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in 48 h post infection in Vero cells. The 9 th passage was determined for attenuation in broiler birds. The attenuated virus was subjected to pathogenecity testing and used as vaccine candidate in broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty, day-old commercial broiler chicks were purchased from local market, divided into 5 groups and offered feed and water ad libitum. At the age of 15 days, 50 birds in each group were administered with 9 th passage live attenuated lyophilized vaccine, the 3 rd passage ß-propiolactone inactivated vaccine (prepared in the laboratory), oil emulsified inactivated vaccine (UAF-Angavac), commercial vaccine (Bio-Angara, Sana Laboratories, Pakistan), and normal saline, respectively as negative control. The 9 th passage live attenuated lyophilized vaccine protected 100% birds from mortality, clinical signs and high antibody titre was observed. On the other hand, ß-propiolactone inactivated vaccine gave 70% protection. The oil emulsified inactivated vaccine gave 80% protection but lower weight gain was observed. The commercial vaccine gave 60% protection. In negative control 70% mortality was recorded. The results revealed that the live attenuated lyophilized vaccine showed a higher protection against lethal challenge of IBH-HPS in broilers.

Molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus isolate of Malaysia attenuated in chicken embryo liver cells and its pathogenicity and immunogenicity in chickens

“…The development of CPE within 24 to 72 hours pi in CEL cells infected with FAdV reflects the sensitivity of this medium for FAdV replication even until passage 35 which is higher than previously reported [13, 14]. As compared to other cell lines such as Vero cells, its take more than 4 days pi for CPE to appear which is time consuming for propagation of the isolate [16]. These sensitive medium resembled in vivo conditions since nucleus of liver cells are the viral tropism for FAdV replication.…”

“…It seems that avian origin cells such as primary chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells are the superior medium for FAdV adaptation as compared to mammalian cells [13, 14]. In addition, continuous cell line from chicken hepatoma cells and QT35 quail fibroblast cells, and mammalian cell line from Vero cells were also used previously [11, 15, 16].…”

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fowl Adenoviruses Isolated from Commercial Poultry Flocks in Pakistan during 2014-15

“…During the last five years, local poultry industry has faced severe outbreaks due to mixed infections of FAdVs associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) and Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) (Jabeen et al, 2015;Ali et al, 2015) with severe pathogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (Miller et al, 2015;Rehmani et al, 2015;Wajid et al, 2017), low pathogenic avian influenza (AI) of subtype H9N2 (Lee et al, 2016) and infectious bronchitis (Rafique et al, 2018) along with other bacterial and parasitic infections. Mixed infections of multiple viruses might weaken the resistance of chickens and thus facilitating the spread of new strains.…”

Efficacy of Live Attenuated Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 8b Isolate of Malaysia in Specific Pathogen-Free Chickens

“…Conventional vaccines such as the live attenuated type induce long-lasting immunity as early as day 7 post-vaccination (pv) and peak at day 21 pv by single-shot vaccination (Mansoor et al, 2011;Ali et al, 2015). Similarly, in cases of chickens infected with FAdV strain via the oral route, the highest antibodies titer was recorded at day 21 postinoculation (pi) (Maiti & Sarkar, 1997).…”

“…Similarly, in cases of chickens infected with FAdV strain via the oral route, the highest antibodies titer was recorded at day 21 postinoculation (pi) (Maiti & Sarkar, 1997). Both compartments of the immune system comprised of humoral and cellular mediated immunity were stimulated by the application of live attenuated vaccine in chickens (Schonewille et al, 2010;Ali et al, 2015). As compared to the inactivated vaccine, the level of antibody titer in the systemic circulation is shortened and declined rapidly at day 21 pv (Mansoor et al, 2011).…”