Preparation and Evaluation of Rice Bran‐Modified Urea Formaldehyde as Environmental Friendly Wood Adhesive

Abstract

In this study, defatted rice bran (RB) is used to prepare an environmentally friendly adhesive through chemical modifications. The RB is mixed with distilled water with ratios of 1:5 and 1:4 to prepare Type A and Type B adhesives, respectively having pH of 6, 8 and 10. Type A adhesive is prepared by treating RB with 1% potassium permanganate and 4% poly(vinyl alcohol), whereas Type B is formulated by adding 17.3% formaldehyde and 5.7% urea to RB. Viscosity, gel time, solid content, shear strength, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is carried out, and glass transition temperature (Tg), and activation energy (Ea) are determined to evaluate the performance of the adhesives. Ea data reveal that adhesives prepared at mild alkaline (pH 8) form long‐chain polymers. Gel time is higher in the fabricated adhesives than that of the commercial urea formaldehyde (UF). FTIR data suggest that functional groups of the raw RB are chemically modified, which enhances the bondability of the adhesives. Shear strength data indicates that bonding strength increases with increasing pH. Similar results are also observed for physical and mechanical properties of fabricated particleboards with the adhesives. The results demonstrate that RB‐based adhesives can be used as a potential alternative to currently used UF‐based resin.

Review on the influencing factors towards improving properties of composite insulation panel made of natural waste fibers for building application

“…25 Despite this, the use of urea-formaldehyde in composite panels was prohibited in a number of nations owing to its detrimental impact on the emission of carcinogenic poisonous gas and was deemed unsuitable for use as a construction material. 26 Thus, there is a significant need for natural binders such as polylactic acid 27 and starch 28 in the composite panel. 29 Binders, on the other hand, are less desirable when making composite panels for use as insulation.…”

Effect of Age and Height on the Chemical Properties of Muli Bamboo (Melocanna baccifera)

“…The use of raw materials and products that are renewable, sustainable, and biocompatible has emerged as a study interest worldwide . Researchers have shown immense attention to developing wood − and nonwood − -based products for society. In recent years, bamboo has attracted more attention as a renewable, cheap, fast-growing, and easily available material, and it is also compatible with existing processing technologies .…”

Formulation and Characterization of Formaldehyde‐Free Chemically Modified Bone‐Based Adhesive for Lignocellulosic Composite Products

“…[ 6 ] However, most of these synthetic adhesives release volatile organic compounds (e.g., formaldehyde) and/or other toxic compounds, [ 6,7 ] which are environmental and health hazardous. As a consequence, many researchers [ 8–10 ] are working on formaldehyde free bioadhesives for wood‐based industries, though formaldehyde has not been fundamentally eliminated. [ 11,12 ] These bioadhesives are derived from biomass resources, such as starch, protein, lignin, soy flour, and tannin, in order to replace conventional thermosetting and/or formaldehyde‐based adhesives.…”